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- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...on, but is also more [[brittle]]. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys with ...
5: ...carbon, if present, is undesired. A more recent definition is that steels are iron-based alloys that c...
8: ... carbon. This process, known as [[smelting]], was first applied to metals with lower [[melting]] point...
11: ...dy-centered cubic to a [[face-centered cubic]] configuration, called '''[[austenite]]''' or '''γ...
13: ...cally [[metastable]] substance with about four to five times the strength of ferrite. Martensite has ... - Mary I of Scotland (27810 bytes)
9: ...y, Queen of Scots, is sometimes confused with her first cousin once removed, [[Mary I of England]] ("B...
14: ...t, because the legitimacy of Robert's children of first marriage were questionable. Females and female...
19: ... [[1560]]). Six months after her birth, in July [[1543]], the [[Treaties of Greenwich]] promised Mary to...
22: ...pel Royal at Stirling Castle on [[September 9]] [[1543]]. Due to the age of the Queen and the unique cer...
33: ...Duke of Somerset]] by Edward VI) arrived in the [[Firth of Forth]] hoping to capture [[Edinburgh]] and... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...bium coelestium'' by [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] in [[1543]], while others wish to extend it into the [[18th...
3: ... seventeenth century was a period of major scientific change. But at that time the word "[[science]]" ...
7: ...o the nature and even the existence of the scientific revolution. To some extent this arises from diff...
9: ...ervers, it seems entirely clear that ''a'' scientific revolution took place around the year [[1600]]. ...
11: ... may be summarized in the following lists of significant advances in science: - Palau (8171 bytes)
2: ...led '''Belau''') is an island nation in the [[Pacific Ocean]], located some 500 km east of the [[Phili...
20: | '''[[Official language]]s'''
56: ...tes]] as part of the [[Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]]. The Palauans voted in [[1979]] not to...
61: ...mengesau]]. He was elected in [[2000]] and took office in [[2001]]. He had previously served as vice p...
96: ...n countries, and the willingness of foreigners to finance infrastructure development. - United Kingdom (37269 bytes)
12: official_languages = [[Languages in the United Kingdom...
46: ...inority Languages]]. In each of these, the UK's official name is as follows:
52: ...>6</sup> Official estimate provided by the UK [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of April 2005, th...
54: ...untry" to "state", "nation", "union", etc, please first contribute to the extensive discussion of this...
58: ...ded Wales]] as a [[principality]]) with those of, first, [[Kingdom of Scotland]] and then [[Kingdom of... - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: ...estigating the [[universe]] known as the [[scientific method]]. The '''history of science''' traces th...
4: ...al that older inquiries are known as ''pre-scientific''. Still, many place ancient [[natural philosoph...
6: ...e, notably [[ethics]]. In practice, each of these fields is heavily used by the others as an external ...
11: ...owledge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-fr...
13: ...; and [[Paul Feyerabend]], who argued that scientific knowledge is not cumulative or progressive, and ... - List of painters (54090 bytes)
120: *[[Jasmine Becket-Griffith]]
218: *[[Charles Ephraim Burchfield]] ([[1893]]-[[1967]])
381: *[[Beverly K. Effinger]] ([[1955]]-)
383: *[[Kano Eitoku]] ([[1543]]-[[1590]])
394: *[[Mikhail Evstafiev]] ([[1963]]-) - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...dern science itself, (it inaugurated the [[scientific revolution]]). His theory affected many other as...
10: ...versities of [[Bologna]] and [[Padua]]. His uncle financed his education and wished for him to become ...
12: The first observation Copernicus made in [[1497]] togeth...
16: ...Ancients on the movement of the Earth, having the first intuition of his theory. His collection of obs...
26: ...' theory. In [[1536]] his work was already in a definitive form, and some rumours about his theory had... - Hernando de Soto (explorer) (19418 bytes)
6: ...gainst [[Gil Dᶩda Gonzales]]; Gonzales, an ex-officer of Davila, had tried to break away from him. D...
7: ...een the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and the [[Pacific Ocean]].
9: DeSoto gained much of his wealth in the trafficking of slaves and came to own large areas of lan...
11: ...Tahuantinsuyu]] capital [[Cuzco]], and became the first European to talk to the Inca ruler [[Atahualpa...
21: ...r a short stop in the [[Canary Islands]], de Soto first headed towards [[Cuba]]. The city of [[Havana]... - Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo (4763 bytes)
2: ...a]] while sailing for [[Spain]]. Cabrillo was the first [[Europe|European]] explorer to navigate the c...
10: ...his venture (two or three ships), and stood to profit from any trade or treasure.
12: ...ck to Navidad, where they arrived [[April 14]], [[1543]].
14: A notary's official report of Cabrillo's inconclusive expedition ...
16: ... his place of burial. He died on [[January 3]], [[1543]] off the coast of southern California, but his b... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
29: *[['Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi]], ([[Persia]], [[903]] – [[986]])
135: ...laus Copernicus]] ([[Poland]], [[1473]] – [[1543]])
205: *[[Erwin Findlay-Freundlich]] ([[1885]] – [[1964]])
375: *[[George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield]] ([[Britain]], c. [[1697]] – [[1764]])
437: *[[Liisi Oterma]] ([[Finland]], [[1915]] – [[2001]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
6: *[[Firmin Abauzit]], (1679-1767)
267: *[[Claude Buffier]], (1661-1737){{fn|R}}
348: *[[Andrea Christofidou]]
387: *[[Lady Anne Finch Conway]], (1631-1679){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
390: *[[Nicolaus Copernicus]], (1473-1543){{fn|O}}{{fn|R}} - History of science in the Middle Ages (30877 bytes)
2: ...s' usually refers to [[European history]], scientific advances in the [[Eastern world]] will also be a...
4: ...al production dramatically. Most classical scientific treatises of [[classical antiquity]] (in [[Greek...
6: ...eved important advances in areas such as [[scientific method]]ology and [[physics]], among many others...
16: ...blems of interpretation. Given the limited scientific advances from about [[476]] to about [[1000]], t...
18: ... [[dialectic]]) and the ''quadrivium'', or scientific education ([[arithmetic]], [[geometry]], [[astro... - Hernando de Soto explorer (34946 bytes)
1: ...tory of the modern-day [[United States]], was the first European to discover the [[Mississippi River]]...
5: ...ere filled with young men begging for a chance to find military fame after the [[Moors]] were defeated...
7: ...erica]]. He gained fame as an excellent horseman, fighter, and tactician, but was notorious for the ex...
9: ...a" below Panama), and [[Ferdinand Magellan]], who first sailed that ocean to the [[Orient]], profoundl...
11: ==First expedition – The Conquest of Peru== - Physics (25628 bytes)
30: ...ic field]], [[Magnetic field]], [[Electromagnetic field]], [[Electromagnetic radiation]], [[Magnetic m...
37: ...mulation]], [[Schr�dinger equation]], [[Quantum field theory]]
45: === Major fields of physics ===
47: ...her units of matter are constructed. Finally, the field of [[astrophysics]] applies the laws of physic...
50: !Field ||Subfields || Major theories || Concepts - Medieval medicine (14745 bytes)
1: ...' was an evolving mixture of [[science|the scientific]] and the spiritual. In the early [[middle ages]...
3: ... this era, there was no clear tradition of scientific medicine, and accurate observations went hand-in...
7: ...he basis of authority rather than experimental confirmation.
15: ...isruption of the fall of the western empire, a unified theory of medicine began to develop, based larg...
25: ... theories focused on religious rather than scientific explanations - all to no avail since about half ...
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