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- Ionic order (6526 bytes)
1: ...der: Julien David LeRoy, ''Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Grèce'' Paris, 1758 (Plate XX)]]...
2: ... [[Corinthian order|Corinthian]]. (There are two lesser orders, the stocky [[Tuscan order]] and the ri...
4: ... Ionic temple was the [[Temple of Artemis]] at Ephesus, one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World]].
6: ...ek Revival]], it conveyed an air of archaic freshness and primitive, perhaps even republican, vitality...
8: ... of the column was exaggerated. Roman fluting leaves a little of the column surface between each hollo... - Aristarchus (4292 bytes)
1: ...[Aristotle]] and [[Ptolemy]], until they were successfully revived and developed by [[Copernicus]] nea...
7: ...hypothesis]] of the heliocentric model. [[Archimedes]] wrote:
9: ...un, is so great that the circle in which he supposes the Earth to revolve bears such a proportion to t...
11: ...g, as the following passage from [[Plutarch]] suggests (''On the Apparent Face in the Orb of the Moon'...
13: ...th to revolve in an oblique circle, while it rotates, at the same time, about its own axis." - Cartography (10500 bytes)
1: ... into one of three main types; [[computer-aided design |CAD]], [[geographic information system | GIS]...
3: ...jective reality and that we can make reliable representations of that reality by adding levels of abst...
7: ...sized topological relationships such as connectedness, adjacency, and containment.
9: ...]]ians later used geometry to survey land and to resurvey it after the periodic flooding of the [[Nile...
11: ... [[250s BCE|250 BCE]], [[Eratosthenes]] of Cyrene estimated the circumference of the earth to within 1... - Aeschines (2644 bytes)
1: ...89 BC|389]] - [[314 BC]]), [[Greece|Greek]] [[statesman]] and one of the ten [[Attic orators]], was bo...
3: ... he was sent on an embassy to rouse the [[Peloponnesus]] against [[Philip of Macedon]].
5: ...rge of high treason, but he was acquitted as the result of a powerful speech, in which he showed that ...
7: ...n acquitted. In 339, as one of the Athenian deputies (''pylagorae'') in the [[Amphictyon]]ic Council, ...
9: ...'. The result was a complete victory for Demosthenes. - Alcibiades (7778 bytes)
1: [[Image:Alcibiades.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Alcibiades]]
2: ...#937;ΝΙΔΗΣ</small>)[[#Notes|¹]] (c. [[450 BC]]-[[404 BC]]) was an Atheni...
5: He was a near relative of [[Pericles]], who, after the death of Cleinias at the [[Batt...
6: Thus early deprived of his father's control, possessed of great personal beauty and the heir to great...
8: ... at the common ideas of justice, temperance, holiness and patriotism. - Pythagoras (10747 bytes)
2: ...]] [[mathematician]] and [[philosopher]], known best for formulating the [[Pythagorean theorem]].
6: ...could be predicted and measured in rhythmic [[cycles]].
9: ...ch visits feature stereotypically in the biographies of many Greek wise men, and are likely more legen...
11: ...men and women students alike. They called themselves the Mathematikoi; a secret society of sorts.
13: ...her regularly; they used the [[lyre]] to cure illness of the soul or body; [[poetry]] recitations occu... - Aristotle (37648 bytes)
4: ...most influential philosophers in [[Western world|Western]] thought. He wrote many books about [[physi...
8: ...crates did not leave any writings, possibly as a result of the reasons articulated against writing phi...
10: ...n have knowledge of the [[Forms]], the real essences of things, of which the world we see is but an im...
12: ...and difficult to read. Among the most important ones are ''Physics'', ''Metaphysics'', ''[[Nicomachean...
14: ...[[zoology]]. In philosophy, Aristotle wrote on [[aesthetics]], [[economics]], [[ethics]], [[government... - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...most important [[discovery (observation)|discoveries]] ever, and is the fundamental starting point of ...
8: ...n and the other sister, Katharina, married a businessman and city councillor, Barthel Gertner.
10: ...rara]], a famous [[astronomer]]. He followed his lessons and became a disciple and assistant.
12: ...a, are recorded in ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium''.
14: ...serve a lunar [[eclipse]] and where he gave some lessons of astronomy or maths (unfortunately nothing ... - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
16: *[[Maria Gaetana Agnesi]] (Italy, [[1718]] - [[1799]])
18: *[[Ahmes]] (Egypt, roughly around [[17th century BC]])
23: *[[Giacomo Albanese]] (Italy, Brazil)
31: *[[Anthemius of Tralles]] (Constantinople c. [[474]] - c. [[534]])
36: *[[Archimedes]] (Syracuse, [[287 BC|287 B.C.]] - [[212 BC|212 B... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
8: *[[Marc Aaronson]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1950]] – [[1987]])
9: *[[George Ogden Abell]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1927]] – [[1983]])
12: *[[Charles Greeley Abbot]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1872]] – [[1973]])
13: *[[Charles Hitchcock Adams]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1868]] – [[1951]])
15: *[[Walter Sydney Adams]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1876]] – [[1956]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
16: *[[Alessandro Achillini]], (1463-1512)
26: *[[Aedesius]], (d. 355)
27: *[[Aenesidemus]], (1st century BC){{fn|R}}
44: *[[Alcibiades]], (c. 450-404 BC)
51: *[[Alexander of Hales]], (d. 1245){{fn|C}}{{fn|R}} - Peloponnesian War (15884 bytes)
1: ...r]]''. Most of the extant comedies of [[Aristophanes]] were written during this war, and poke fun at t...
3: == Causes of the war ==
5: ...rta|Spartans]]), who, as leaders of the [[Peloponnesian League]], had long been the sole major militar...
7: ...ikely a greater catalyst for the war than Thucydides and other ancient authors realized, more so than ...
11: ...ers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. - Aegean Sea (2751 bytes)
1: ...W.jpg|thumb|250px|View of the Aegean Sea from Rhodes, Greece. Image provided by [http://classroomclipa...
3: ...Marmara Sea]] and [[Black Sea]] by the [[Dardanelles]] and [[Bosporus]].
5: ...ied in the sea; and [[Aegeus]], the father of [[Theseus]], who drowned himself in the sea when he thou...
7: ...was the site of the original [[democracy|democracies]], and it allowed for contact between several div...
9: ...across the [[Peloponnese]] and [[Crete]] to [[Rhodes]], dividing the Aegean from the Mediterranean. Ma... - Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
2: ...nd [[mathematician]]. The [[European Space Agency|ESA]]'s [[Hipparcos|Hipparcos Space Astrometry Missi...
4: ...opular astronomical poem by [[Aratus]] has been preserved by later copyists. As a consequence, we kno...
8: ...th century]]) in their commentaries on the ''Almagest''; from [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"...
14: ... it is not known if and when he visited these places.
16: ...contemporary portraits. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia tha... - Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
1: ...nd [[mathematician]]. The [[European Space Agency|ESA]]'s [[Hipparcos|Hipparcos Space Astrometry Missi...
3: ...opular astronomical poem by [[Aratus]] has been preserved by later copyists. As a consequence, we kno...
7: ...th century]]) in their commentaries on the ''Almagest''; from [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"...
13: ... it is not known if and when he visited these places.
15: ...contemporary portraits. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia tha... - List of island countries (6641 bytes)
1: ...'''list of [[island nation]]s''', political entities that are located on [[island]]s or island-[[conti...
7: ... although Greenland is usually considered the largest island
19: *[[Federated States of Micronesia]]
24: *[[Indonesia]]
30: *[[Maldives]] - Roman commerce (14626 bytes)
1: ... same time part of its backbone. Romans were businessmen and the longevity of their empire was due to ...
3: ...id most of the hard work. The slaves were themselves also the subject of commercial transactions. Thei...
5: ... [[Ancient Roman weights and measures|Roman measures]].
7: == Negotiatores, Mercatores and Pedlars ==
9: ...d cash for any booty coming from military activities.
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