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- Lava dome (958 bytes)
1: ...till contains molten rock and [[gas]]es, it produces a [[pyroclastic flow]], one of the most lethal fo...
3: ...]], and at [[Mt. St. Helens]] in the [[United States|U.S.]] state of [[Washington (state)|Washington]]... - Lava flow (9578 bytes)
1: {{otheruses}}
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: .... Nevertheless, the viscous rock can flow many miles before eventually cooling and solidifying.
11: ... [[1737]]. In this he described "a flow of fiery lava" in analogy to the flow of water and mud down the...
12: ...iginal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|10m high fountain of lava]] - Lava (9992 bytes)
1: {{otheruses}}
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: .... Nevertheless, the viscous rock can flow many miles before eventually cooling and solidifying.
11: ... [[1737]]. In this he described "a flow of fiery lava" in analogy to the flow of water and mud down the...
12: ...iginal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|10m high fountain of lava]]
Page text matches
- Geology (12007 bytes)
1: ...ure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. It is one of the [[Earth science]]...
3: ...], [[perlite]], [[mica]], [[phosphates]], [[zeolites]], [[clay]], [[pumice]], [[quartz]], and [[silica...
5: ...r, specialised terms such as ''selenology'' (studies of the [[Moon]]), ''areology'' (of [[Mars (planet...
10: ...ological [[stratum]] in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was for...
12: ...as translated into [[Latin]] and the other languages of Europe such as [[French language|French]]. [[G... - Age of the Earth (20052 bytes)
1: ... used to arrive at the age of the Earth and outlines their history.
3: == Prescientific notions ==
4: ... earth creationism]] (see [http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v24/i1/belief.asp Old-earth or you...
9: ...t the Earth had been created separately from the rest of the universe, several hundred thousands of ye...
11: ...hen measured its rate of cooling. This led him to estimate that the Earth was about 75,000 years old. - Igneous rock (11419 bytes)
1: [[Image:Hawaii_lava.jpg|thumb|right|Volcanic flow on the Big Island o...
3: ...anges. Over 700 types of igneous rocks have been described, most of them formed beneath the surface of...
6: ...hin the upper parts of the mantle at temperatures estimated between 600 to 1600 °C.
8: ...um]], [[calcium]], [[iron]], and [[magnesium]]. These are the elements which combine to form the [[sil...
10: ...n the Earth's surface by a relatively thin but widespread layer of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. - Basalt (2961 bytes)
2: ...rial lava flows and cinders will often be highly vesiculated, imparting a lightweight "frothy" texture...
4: ...|vesicle]]s and beautifully [[crystal]]lized species of [[zeolite]]s, [[quartz]] or [[calcite]] are fr...
8: ...re]]s, are plains of basalt, and basalt Moon samples were brought to Earth by the astronauts of the [[...
10: ==Types of basalt {{ref|Hyndman85}}==
16: ==References== - Volcano (27295 bytes)
2: ...ns exist in '''[[hotspot (geology)|hotspot volcanoes]]'''.
3: ...eru volcanoes on [[Java (island)|Java]] in [[Indonesia]].]]
5: The study of volcanoes is called [[vulcanology]] (or ''volcanology'' in ...
7: ==Volcanoes==
8: ===Types of volcanoes=== - Hawaii (34434 bytes)
10: LargestCity = [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] |
30: HighestElev = 4,206 |
32: LowestElev = 0 |
37: ... people. [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] is the largest city and the state capital.
39: ...y and agriculturally, it is the [[endangered species]] capital of the world and is the only industrial... - Oregon (26551 bytes)
10: LargestCity = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] |
30: HighestElev = 3,426 |
32: LowestElev = 0 |
36: ... of the state is notably rainy; east of the Cascades the climate is much more arid. In fact, on avera...
40: ...]] article in ''[[U.S. News and World Report]]'' described Oregon as a - Cretaceous (7391 bytes)
1: ...etaceous also defines the boundary between the [[Mesozoic]] and [[Cenozoic]] [[era]]s.
3: {{Mesozoic Footer}}
6: ... 65.5 MYA. This [[bolide]] collision is probably responsible for the major, extensively-studied [[Cret...
10: ...isions. The [[faunal stage]]s from youngest to oldest are:
57: ...advanced across central [[North America]] (the [[Western Interior Seaway]]) and then started to recede... - Cave (10592 bytes)
2: [[image:Lavacaveexit.jpg|thumb|300px|The outside world viewed ...
3: ...ces like cliff cavities, rock shelters and sea caves.
5: ==Cave types and formation==
6: ...rocesses, tectonic forces and atmospheric influences.
8: ===Primary caves=== - Landform (3582 bytes)
1: ...it. [[Ocean]]s and [[continent]]s exemplify highest-order landforms.
3: ...development of [[dune]] systems and [[salt marsh]]es, and the work of [[coral]]s and [[alga]]e in the ...
12: *[[limestone pavement]]
18: *[[cuesta]]
19: *[[escarpment]] - Mercury (planet) (22924 bytes)
1: ...n that [[telescope]]s rarely examine it (the greatest [[elongation]] is 28.3?). Mercury has no [[natur...
3: ...f the Sun and then the other. It was called [[Hermes]] when in the evening sky, but was known as [[Apo...
5: The Chinese and Japanese cultures refer to the planet as the ''Water Star'', based ...
8: ...rs.com/topic/mercury-in-roman-religion-planet-nearest-to-the-sun answers.com])
10: ...n]]). The sunlight on Mercury's surface is 6.5 times as intense as it is on Earth, a total [[irradianc... - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
1: ...with an [[eccentricity (orbit)|eccentricity]] of less than 1%.
3: ...t is visible in dark skies it is by far the brightest [[star]]-like object in the sky.
5: ...ts symbol is a stylized representation of the goddess Venus's hand mirror: a circle with a small cross...
7: ...omes from [[Cythera]]. Other less common adjectives include ''Venerean'' and ''Veneran''.
9: ...inese]], [[Korea|Korean]], and [[Japan]]ese cultures refer to the planet as the ''Metal Star'', based ... - Mars (27704 bytes)
2: ...thumb|right|North Polar region with icecap. (Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech.)]]
4: ...ar in [[Roman mythology]] (the counterpart to [[Ares]], the god of war in [[Greek mythology]]) because...
6: ...w pointing out from behind it), is a stylized representation of the god [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]]' shi...
8: ... same length as it is on earth: 24 hours, 39 minutes, and 35.244 seconds.
11: ...bout 10 [[Parts per million|ppb]] (see [[#references|reference]]). - Pompeii (10901 bytes)
3: ...avelling across the bay with a flotilla of naval vessels to save some of those trapped in the seaside ...
9: ...me conquered Pompeii for a while, but these theories have not been verified.
11: ...of '''Colonia [[Cornelius|Cornelia]] [[Venus (goddess)|Veneria]] Pompeianorum'''. The town became an i...
13: ...it was rebuilt, perhaps richer than before in houses and artworks.
15: ==Vesuvius buries the city== - Sodalite (4894 bytes)
25: | [[Mohs Scale]] hardness || 5.5-6
37: | [[Fusibility]]||Easily to a colourless glass; sodium yellow flame
41: !colspan=2|Major varieties
43: |Hackmanite||[[Tenebrescence|Tenebrescent]]; violet-red or green fading to white
49: ...ue''' after [[Princess Patricia of Connaught|Princess Patricia]] who, upon visiting Ontario some time ... - Yellowstone National Park (23738 bytes)
6: <tr><td>''Designation''</td>
10: <tr><td>''Nearest [[City|city]]''</td>
12: <tr><td>''[[geographic coordinates|Coordinates]]''</td>
15: <td>2,219,799 acres<BR>8,983.24 km²</td></tr>
16: <tr><td>''Date of establishment''</td> - Ankara (15129 bytes)
2: ...apital of [[Turkey]] and the country's second largest city after [[Istanbul]]. The city has a populati...
4: ...], and the region's [[Muscat_grape|muscat]] [[grapes]].
6: ...is situated upon a steep and rocky hill, which rises 500 ft. above the plain on the left bank of the '...
8: ...e.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Augustus/Res_Gestae/home.html]</sup>
11: ... in the 2nd millennium BC by the [[Hittites|Hittites]], in the 10th century BC by the [[Phrygians]], t... - Magma (871 bytes)
1: ... slightly different compositions in different places.
2: ...m magma through solidification and related processes or through eruption of the magma at the surface.
3: [[Image:Molten_lava_flowing.jpg|250px|left|thumb]] - Death Valley National Park (38245 bytes)
1: ...h Valley Pupfish]] - a survivor of much wetter times.
3: ...[[book]]s, [[radio]] programs, [[television]] series and [[movie]]s. '''Death Valley National Monument...
5: ...lleys filled with sediment and, during the wet times of [[ice age]]s, with [[lake]]s, such as [[Lake M...
6: ...Park.png|frame|A slice through the highest and lowest points in Death Valley National Park.]]
9: ...ion in the central part of Death Valley which causes a slight widening and relatively more subsidence ... - Sand (3758 bytes)
3: ... size class above sand is [[gravel]], with particles ranging up to 64 mm (see [[grain size]] for stand...
5: ...sits in some areas contain [[garnet]]s and other resistant minerals, including some small [[gemstone]]...
7: ...bar (landform)|sand bars]], and the like. In a [[desert]], sand is a dominant constituent of the soil.
11: ==Uses of sand==
18: People, especially [[child|children]], love to [[play]] with...
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