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- Cleopatra VII of Egypt (8634 bytes)
4: ... name, "Cleopatra Thea Philopator" means "the Goddess Cleopatra, Beloved of Her Father."
6: ...rother-husband, and son. However, in all these cases, her co-rulers were king in title only, with her ...
9: ...e named her eldest son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV [[Caesarion]] ([[44 BC|44]]–[[30 BC]]).
11: ... a short war, Ptolemy XIII was killed and Caesar restored Cleopatra to her throne, with Ptolemy XIV as...
13: ...oy his heir, naming his grand-nephew [[Augustus Caesar|Octavian]] instead. - Heart (10132 bytes)
3: ...ge|Greek]] ''kardia'' (καρδια) for "heart".
7: ...singular: ''atrium'') and the two lower ''ventricles''.
9: ...ional flow of blood from the atria to the ventricles.
11: ...ventricle pumps blood throughout the body's arteries and veins; the right ventricle pumps blood to the...
15: ...m the left atrium this newly oxygenated blood passes through the [[mitral valve]] to enter the left ve... - Ceramics (15941 bytes)
1: ...s. This article will explore the history, techniques, cultural significance, and contemporary relevanc...
7: ...s, reflecting both functional and aesthetic purposes.
10: ...ement, leading to more uniform and sophisticated designs.
12: ...or its red and black figure techniques, while Chinese ceramics are famous for their porcelain, a signi...
13: ==Techniques in Ceramics== - Greek language (35285 bytes)
3: ...h [[Bulgaria]], [[Turkey]] and surrounding countries
7: [[Greek languages|Greek]]<br>
15: ...tudied in schools and universities in many countries from the [[Renaissance]] onwards.
17: ...lect''', '''Post-Classic Greek''' or even '''New Testament Greek''' (after its most famous word of lit...
25: ...his article. For more information, see main articles on [[Proto-Greek language]] and [[Mycenaean langu... - Ptolemy (10609 bytes)
5: ...ις'', "The Great Treatise"). It was preserved, like most of Classical Greek science, in Ar...
7: ...list of 48 [[constellation|constellations]] is ancestral to the modern system of constellations, but u...
9: ... and ancient Persian empire, but most of his sources beyond the perimeter of the Empire were unreliabl...
11: ...put the meridian of 0 longitude at the most western land he knew, the Canary Islands.
14: ...grees of latitude from the Arctic to the East-indies and deep into Africa; Ptolemy was well aware that... - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...[[sheet music]]) to any organized sound(s). The question of what the art form called music actually co...
4: ...an any of the arts or sciences governed by the Muses.
8: In the European [[Middle Ages]], [[musica]] was part of the mathematical [[quad...
10: ...resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ...—some of which are very much in vogue in [[Western society]] today. - Geography (8541 bytes)
2: ...phi;ειν'' ("to write," as in "to describe").
5: ...human and also the consequences of those differences.
7: ...y of [[map]]s, and is far beyond the study of 'capes and bays'.
11: ...he Greek and Roman techniques and developed new ones.
13: ...od is also known as [[Great Geographical Discoveries]]. By the [[18th century]], geography had become ... - Pan pipes (2209 bytes)
1: [[Image:Panpipes.png|left|Pan pipes]]
2: ... and the [[harmonica]], or mouth organ. The panpipes are named for their association with the rustic G...
4: ... makers of panpipes will use a wax - commonly [[beeswax]] - to tune their new instruments.
6: ...ne note, but by overblowing, that is, increased pressure of breath and tension of lips, harmonics are ...
8: ...n pipes'' is both singular and plural.) Other names for the instrument include '''panflute''' and the... - Nile (13738 bytes)
4: ...nīl''), in [[Africa]], is one of the two longest [[river|rivers]] on [[Earth]].
8: ...Greek name for the Nile was ''Aigyptos'' (Αιγυπτος), whic...
10: ==Longest river==
12: ...r than the mighty Amazon, partly because it receives not a single tributary from its halfway mark at t...
14: ... gives a length of approximately 5584 km (3470 miles). It drains approximately 2.8 million to 3.4 mil... - Antarctica (14761 bytes)
4: ...g the [[Earth]]'s [[South Pole]]. It is the [[coldest place on earth]] and is almost entirely covered ...
6: ...tains a southern continent that bears a possible resemblance to the Antarctic coast. (See also [[Histo...
8: ...ty]] of any continent on Earth, as well as the lowest average temperature.
15: Antarctica is the coldest place on earth. [[Weather pattern|Weather front...
24: ...idian]]. Western Antarctica is covered by the [[West Antarctic Ice Sheet]]. - Thebes, Egypt (3900 bytes)
2: ...a]]. Its archaeological remains offer a striking testimony to Egyptian civilization at its height.
4: ...Delta;ιοσπολις ''Diospolis'', "City of Zeus" ([[Zeus]] ...
6: ...(lit. "The Most-select of Places"), one of the names of the temple of [[Karnak]], which is located in ...
8: ...tuated at or near the sites of two important temples that stood on the outskirts of the city.
10: ==Important archaeological sites in Thebes== - Aeschylus (5184 bytes)
1: ...h;[[456 BC]]; [[Greek language|Greek]]: '''Αισχυλος''') wa...
2: ...ns]], the others being [[Sophocles]] and [[Euripides]].
5: ...tten after this, making ''The Persians'' his earliest surviving play.
7: ...y mistook his bald head for the egg of a [[flightless bird]]).
9: ...e was written by himself before his death, and makes no mention of his theatrical renown. He chose to... - Pytheas (6447 bytes)
1: ...ar ice]], and the first to mention [[Germanic tribes]].
4: ...nderstood the relationships between tides and phases of the Moon. In northern [[Spain]], he studied th...
6: ...s, Land's End, Plymouth, Isle of Man, Outer Hebrides, Orkneys, Iceland, Britain's east coast, Kent, [[...
10: ... as referring to the [[British Isles]] as the "Isles of the Pretani."
12: ...urope, they had [[barn (building)|barn]]s, and threshed their grain there rather than outside. - Aristotle (37648 bytes)
3: ...stotle''' ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Αριστοτέλη&sig...
4: ...most influential philosophers in [[Western world|Western]] thought. He wrote many books about [[physi...
8: ...crates did not leave any writings, possibly as a result of the reasons articulated against writing phi...
10: ...n have knowledge of the [[Forms]], the real essences of things, of which the world we see is but an im...
12: ...and difficult to read. Among the most important ones are ''Physics'', ''Metaphysics'', ''[[Nicomachean... - Archimedes (13735 bytes)
1: ...s consider Archimedes to be one of history's greatest mathematicians, along with possibly [[Isaac Newt...
3: ==Discoveries and inventions==
4: ...nted the [[irrigation]] device known as [[Archimedes' screw]].
6: ...nst the invading Romans was the [[claw of Archimedes]].
8: ...enemy ships would have had to be virtually motionless and very close to shore for them to ignite, an u... - Platypus (21900 bytes)
10: {{Taxobox species entry | taxon = '''''O. anatinus'''''}}
14: ...f [[Monotreme#Fossil Monotremes|fossilised relatives]] have been found, some of them also in the ''Orn...
15: The platypus is considered one of the strangest [[specimen]]s of the animal kingdom: a [[venomou...
18: ...on the part of the small number of surviving species to harsh environmental conditions, is uncertain.
20: ...t that are more reminiscent of a [[duck]]'s features than those of any known mammal. - Early history of Ireland (30651 bytes)
3: ==The [[Mesolithic]] ([[8000 BC]] - [[4500 BC]])==
5: ...n the extreme south of the country, which largely escaped the advancing ice sheets. During the [[last ...
7: ... [[permafrost]] was transformed into a densely forested fertile land.
9: ... their food, and they are known to have built canoes from dug-out tree trunks.
11: During the Mesolithic the population of Ireland was probably nev... - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
1: ...or Κωνσταντινούπολη) is...
3: ...own as the "Queen of Cities", the richest and largest city both culturally and economically. [[Bezant...
5: ...evelop relatively unmolested, while Rome and the west collapsed.
7: ...hen re-captured by [[Nicaean Empire|Nicaean]] forces under the command of [[Michael VIII Palaeologus]]...
23: ... Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture - Aegean Sea (2751 bytes)
1: ...W.jpg|thumb|250px|View of the Aegean Sea from Rhodes, Greece. Image provided by [http://classroomclipa...
3: ...Marmara Sea]] and [[Black Sea]] by the [[Dardanelles]] and [[Bosporus]].
5: ...ied in the sea; and [[Aegeus]], the father of [[Theseus]], who drowned himself in the sea when he thou...
7: ...was the site of the original [[democracy|democracies]], and it allowed for contact between several div...
9: ...across the [[Peloponnese]] and [[Crete]] to [[Rhodes]], dividing the Aegean from the Mediterranean. Ma... - Democracy (24363 bytes)
2: ...scend and often occur concomitantly with other types.
4: ...e people," plus κρατειν meaning "to rule," and the suffix �mp;alph...
10: ...ons directly, rather than voting for representatives as is seen with modern democracy.
12: ...ved since the [[18th century]], alongside the successive introduction of "democratic" systems in many ...
14: ...some power may have devolved to elected legislatures, and no such nations today. Other nations had and...
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