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- Eudocia Macrembolitissa (2682 bytes)
1: ...antinople]], whose sister married John Macrembolites.
3: ...l was old enough to rule on his own, but nevertheless was considered co-emperor with his younger broth...
7: ...e to pass, and Eudocia died sometime after the accession of [[Alexius I Comnenus]] in [[1081]].
13: ...e Empresses: Woman and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204''. Routledge, 1999. - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
1: [[Image:Messalinde-Jerusalem.JPG|frame|A queen accepting feal...
5: ...f Tripoli]]; and [[Ioveta of Bethany|Ioveta]], abbess of St. Lazarus in [[Bethany (Israel)|Bethany]].
9: ...yre]] wrote "reseditque reginam regni potestas penes dominam Melisendem, Deo amabilem reginam, cui jur...
11: ...nce. Baldwin raised his daughter as a capable successor to himself and Melisende enjoyed the support o...
13: ...de sole queen and to strengthen her position, he designated Melisende as guardian for the young Baldwi... - Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ...st powerful women in Europe during the [[Middle Ages]]. She was [[Queen consort]] of both [[France]] a...
6: ... her mother, as Dangereuse was the long-time mistress of [[William IX of Aquitaine]], the [[Troubador]...
8: ...quitaine]], the largest and richest of the provinces that would become modern [[France]], when her bro...
10: ...e next generation. She also gave him a wedding present that is still in existence, a [[rock crystal v...
12: - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ... rich history during which its culture has proven especially influential in [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and [...
19: | '''Largest city''' || [[Athens]]
21: | '''[[List of Presidents of Greece|President]]''' || [[Karolos Papoulias|KᲯlos Papo?]]
25: ...sp;- Total<br> - % water || [[List of countries by area|Ranked 94th]]<br/>[[1 E11 m2|131,940 km&s...
27: ...[Population density|Density]] || [[List of countries by population|Ranked 70th]]<br/>10,665,989<br/>82... - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...ars]] of southern France and the [[Northern Crusades]].
7: ... certain times of the year. This was somewhat successful, but trained warriors always sought an outlet...
9: ...[[1063]], [[Pope Alexander II]] had given papal blessing to Spanish [[Christianity|Christians]] in the...
11: ...c interest in religious affairs, which would manifest in the overwhelming popular support for the Firs...
13: ...he Muslim armies' successes were putting strong pressure on the [[Eastern Orthodox]] [[Byzantine Empir... - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
7: ...small>Emblem of the [[Palaeologus]] dynasty, as preserved today at the entrance of the Ecumenical Patr...
10: | Constantine makes Constantinople his capital.
13: ...is permanently split into Eastern and Western halves, following the death of Theodosius I.
15: | [[527]] || Justinian I becomes emperor.
24: | The [[Lombard]] invasion results in the loss of most of Italy. - Castle (27805 bytes)
1: ...contained [[fortress]], usually of the [[Middle Ages]], though traditionally in Britain it has also re...
2: ...he dwelling, resulting in many un-castlelike castles and ''[[chaux]]''.
4: ...lso figure prominently in [[History of Japan|Japanese history]], where the feudal [[Daimyo]] inhabited...
6: ==Purpose of castles==
8: ... for specific purposes, or evolved into new purposes over time: - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
3: ...gustus, the pre-Augustan state is conventionally described as the [[Roman Republic]], since the struct...
5: ...and the [[Western Roman Empire]]. The end of the Western Empire is traditionally set in [[476]], when ...
7: ...zantine Empire]], [[Eastern Roman Empire]] and [[Western Roman Empire]], which are used interchangably...
9: ...ays of imperial majesty were common from the earliest days of the Empire.
11: ...]), the [[History of Russia|Russian/Kiev]] dynasties (see [[tsar|czars]]), and the [[German Empire]] (... - Venice (22017 bytes)
2: ..., as well as a very important center of commerce (especially the [[spice trade]]) and [[art]] in the [...
6: ...568]]. In the mid-[[8th century]], the Venetians resisted the empire-building efforts of [[Peppin III|...
8: ...rsenal]] was under construction in 1104; Venice wrested control of the [[Brenner pass]] from Verona in...
10: ...nd the citizens of such towns as [[Bergamo]], [[Brescia]], and [[Verona, Italy|Verona]] rallied to the...
12: ...sport the men, supplies, and (especially) war horses. - Seljuk Turks (7657 bytes)
1: ...o [[Persia]], fighting and conquering various tribes on their way to [[Transoxiana]].
3: ...mic world against [[Crusade|Crusaders]] from the West, and conquering the [[Byzantine Empire]].
5: ... Seljuk|Mahmud II]] proclaimed himself Sultan and established a capital in Baghdad. [[Ahmed Sanjar]] w...
7: ...n the [[1260s]] and divided it into small [[emirates]] called the [[Anatolian beyliks]], which in turn...
73: ...Rüm|Süleyman II]] (Suleiman) [[1196]]-[[1204]] - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
1: ... Parthenon seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west]]
3: ...f Athena the Virgin''', and its popular name derives from the Greek word ''παρθ	...
5: ...enon replaced an older [[temple]] which had been destroyed by the [[Iran|Persians]]. As well as being ...
7: ==Design and construction==
8: [[Image:ac.parthenon2.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The western face of the Parthenon remains relatively inta... - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
2: ...]. Though Magellan himself died in the [[Philippines]] and never returned to Europe, 18 members of the...
5: ...de Magalh㥳, the mayor of the town, and Alda de Mesquita, Magellan had two siblings: his brother Diog...
7: ..., Magellan continued his education, becoming interested in [[geography]] and [[astronomy]]. Some specu...
9: ... conquering the [[Muslim]] city of [[Kilwa]] in present-day [[Tanzania]].
11: Magellan next journeyed to the [[East Indies]] in [[1506]], taking part in expeditions to the ... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
16: *[[Alessandro Achillini]], (1463-1512)
26: *[[Aedesius]], (d. 355)
27: *[[Aenesidemus]], (1st century BC){{fn|R}}
44: *[[Alcibiades]], (c. 450-404 BC)
51: *[[Alexander of Hales]], (d. 1245){{fn|C}}{{fn|R}} - Hagia Sophia (7132 bytes)
7: ...same site during the 4th century. Following the destruction of the first church, a second was built b...
10: ... died within the first year. The construction is described in [[Procopius]]' ''On Buildings'' (De Aedi...
12: ...gia Sophia is one of the greatest surviving examples of [[Byzantine architecture]]. Of great artistic ...
16: ...ce, both architecturally and liturgically, was widespread and enduring in the [[Eastern Orthodox]], [[...
18: == Description == - Byzantine art (10470 bytes)
1: '''Byzantine art''' is the term commonly used to describe the artistic products of the [[Eastern Roman...
3: ...and other [[Eastern Orthodox]] countries to the present day.
7: ...ation of [[God]], and particularly of his son, [[Jesus]].
9: This had a number of consequences. The depiction of the male nude had been at the c...
11: ...of veneration in Orthodox churches and private homes. - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
3: ...own as the "Queen of Cities", the richest and largest city both culturally and economically. [[Bezant...
5: ...evelop relatively unmolested, while Rome and the west collapsed.
7: ...hen re-captured by [[Nicaean Empire|Nicaean]] forces under the command of [[Michael VIII Palaeologus]]...
23: ... Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Culture
24: *[http://www2.arch.uiuc.edu/research/rgouster Welcome to Constantinople], documen... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
18: | [[Chemical series]]
19: | [[Lanthanides]]
24: | [[Density]], [[Mohs hardness scale|Hardness]]
30: ...gn="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | '''Atomic properties'''
56: ...="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | '''Physical properties''' - List of Byzantine Emperors (11779 bytes)
3: ...mbering system. Of course, the Byzantines themselves continued to think of their empire as "Roman" for...
14: ...328-378, ruled [[364]] - [[378]]) - brother of [[Western Roman Emperor]] [[Valentinian I]]
48: *[[Justinian II]] Rhinotmetus (restored, second rule [[705]] - [[711]])
49: *[[Philippicus]] Bardanes (ruled [[711]] - [[713]]) – soldier; usurpe...
57: *[[Constantine V]] Copronymus (restored, second rule [[743]] - [[775]]) - Song Dynasty (16385 bytes)
3: ...asties and the Ten Kingdoms|Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms]], were a time of division betwe...
4: ...hnic group.png||350px|left|thumb|illustration representing a person of Mongol ethnic group during Yua...
5: ...The '''Northern Song''' ([[960]]-[[1127]]) signifies the time when the Song capital was in the norther...
7: ...[Yuan dynasty]], proclaimed in [[1271]], finally destroyed the Song dynasty in [[1279]] and once more ...
12: ...acy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties.
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