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- Eudocia Macrembolitissa (2682 bytes)
1: ... [[Romanus IV]]. She was also the niece of [[Michael Cerularius]], [[Patriarch of Constantinople]], wh...
3: ...ael was old enough to rule on his own, but nevertheless was considered co-emperor with his younger bro...
5: ...ed Eudocia to vacate the throne in favour of Michael and retire to a [[convent]]
7: Michael was deposed in [[1078]] by [[Nicephorus III]], wh...
9: ... to Psellus she was very noble, beautiful, and intelligent. - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
1: ...a vassal, possibly Melisende herself, from the [[Melisende Psalter]]]]
3: '''Melisende''' ([[1105]] - [[September 11]], [[1161]]) ...
5: ...Ioveta]], abbess of St. Lazarus in [[Bethany (Israel)|Bethany]].
9: ...bilem reginam, cui jure hereditario competebat." Melisende was no mere regent-queen (for her son Baldw...
11: ...s daughter as a capable successor to himself and Melisende enjoyed the support of the ''[[Haute Cour o... - Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
1: [[Image:ELEANOROFAQUITAINE.jpg|right|frame|Eleanor of Aquitaine]]
3: ..., [[France]], c. [[1124]] – [[March 31]], [[1204]] in [[Fontevrault]], [[Anjou]]) was one of the w...
6: ...r Aenor'' in the ''langue d'oc'', but it became ''El顮or'' in the northern ''langue d'oil'' and in En...
8: ...e, and knew how to read, how to speak Latin, was well versed in music and literature, and enjoyed ridi...
10: ...ge, [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]] had died, and Eleanor became Queen of France. - Greece (54754 bytes)
2: {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; b...
5: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:#f9f9f9; text-align:c...
44: | '''[[Top-level domain|Internet TLD]]''' || [[.gr]]
50:
52: ... and the [[Middle East]]. Today, Greece is a [[developed nation]], member of the [[European Union]] si... - Crusade (28507 bytes)
7: ...[Alexius I]] in opposing [[Muslim]] attacks thus fell on ready ears.
9: ...Spanish [[knights]] and some [[mercenaries]] from elsewhere in Europe in the fight against the Islamic...
11: ...g popular support for the First Crusade, and the religious vitality of the 12th century.
13: ...the ensuing decades and centuries, they were themselves faced with invasions by Muslims and other host...
15: ...se rumors then played an important role in the development of the crusades later in the century. - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
1: {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1e...
27: ...ost of North Africa, and later conquer Sicily as well.
35: | The Emperor Romanus IV is defeated by the [[Seljuk Turks]] at the [[Battle of Manzikert]]. Most ...
37: | [[1204]]
41: ...ated by the Byzantine emperor of [[Nicaea]], Michael Palaeologus. - Castle (27805 bytes)
1: ...ure]]. The term is most often applied to a small self-contained [[fortress]], usually of the [[Middle ...
2: ...tached to the dwelling, resulting in many un-castlelike castles and ''[[chaux]]''.
7: ...0px|thumb|right|Castle found along the coast of Ireland. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.co...
12: ...ent]], whose defensive look was probably built merely to impress, and inside the castle is geared towa...
15: ...ers. For he could do what he liked without fear, relying on the protection of the castle, while others... - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
5: ...mpire, better known as the [[Byzantine Empire]], fell to the [[Ottoman Turks]].
9: ...itizen", the only title Augustus would permit himself) the realities of dictatorship were concealed be...
11: ...government, law, and monumental architecture, as well as many other aspects of Western life remains in...
14: ===Political Developments===
15: ...font color="yellow">[[14 AD]]</font></span></b> (yellow), and in <b><font color="green">[[117 AD]]</fo... - Venice (22017 bytes)
2: ... and a [[staging area]] for the [[Crusade]]s, as well as a very important center of commerce (especial...
6: ...t theoretically. As the community continued to develop and as Byzantine power waned, however, an incre...
8: ...om Germany; the last autocratic doge, Vitale Michiele, died in 1172.
10: ...tewardship of its mainland territories was relatively enlightened and the citizens of such towns as [[...
12: ...ght back to Venice, including the [[Mark the Evangelist|Winged Lion of St. Mark]], symbol of Venice. O... - Seljuk Turks (7657 bytes)
1: ...y|11th]] to [[14th century|14th centuries]]. The Seljuks migrated from the north into [[Persia]], figh...
3: ...nistan]], [[Uzbekistan]] and [[Azerbaijan]]. The Seljuk Turks and their descendants, the [[Ottoman Emp...
5: ...al in Baghdad. [[Ahmed Sanjar]] was captured and held captive by Turkish nomads from [[1153]] to [[115...
7: ...he Seljuk finally collapsed. Of the former Great Seljuk Empire, only the [[Sultanate of Rüm]] in ...
9: ===Rulers of Great Seljuk [[1037]]-[[1157]]=== - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
5: ...y, and was the location of the treasury of the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Em...
8: ...|The western face of the Parthenon remains relatively intact.]]
9: ...ch was moved from the Panhellenic sanctuary at [[Delos]] to the Acropolis In [[454 BC]].
11: ...tical reasons. ''Entasis'' refers to the slight swelling of the columns as they rise, to counter the o...
13: ...he Parthenon are 30.9 metres by 69.5 metres. The cella was 29.8 metres long by 19.2 metres wide, with ... - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
2: ...umnavigating]] the [[globe]]. Though Magellan himself died in the [[Philippines]] and never returned t...
5: ..., named after his grandmother, and his sister Isabel.
7: ...been taught by [[Martin Behaim]]. In [[1496]], Magellan became a [[squire]].
9: ...nd naval bases along the way. It was here that Magellan would also first experience battle: when a loc...
11: ...ditions to the [[Spice Islands]]. In [[1510]], Magellan was promoted to the rank of [[captain]]. Howev... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
9: *[[Jacob Friedrich von Abel]], (1751-1829)
10: *[[Pierre Ab鬡rd]] (or ''Peter Abelard''), (1079-1142){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
14: *[[Isaac Abrabanel|Isaac ben Judah Abravanel]], (1437-1508){{fn|C}}{{fn|R}}
15: *[[Judah Leon Abravanel|Judah ben Isaac Abravanel]], (1460?-1535?){{fn|C}}{{fn|R}}
17: *[[Uriel Acosta]], (1585-1640) - Hagia Sophia (7132 bytes)
12: ...d [[marble]] pillars and coverings. The temple itself was so richly and artistically decorated that Ju...
20: ...nbroken arcade of arched windows under it, which help flood the colorful interior with light. The dome...
22: ...omed [[exedra]]s. Thus a hierarchy of dome-headed elements builds up to create a vast oblong interior ...
24: ... after an earthquake in [[558]]; its replacement fell in [[563]]. There were additional partial collap...
32: ...incipal mosque of Istanbul, Ayasofya served as model for many of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople... - Byzantine art (10470 bytes)
9: ...eginnings, and the female nude had been similarly elevated from the [[4th century BC]] onwards. But th...
11: ...nts]] and [[martyrs]] of Christian tradition were elevated, and became the dominant - indeed almost ex...
15: ... work is one the best examples of Byzantine high relief carving in ivory, which replaced the free-stan...
17: ...onwards, a development which some art historians believe influenced the [[Renaissance]] in western Eur...
19: ...of artistic skill to the service of the one true religion, rather than using it for the production of ... - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
5: ...nstantinople, allowing the east to develop relatively unmolested, while Rome and the west collapsed.
7: ...pire|Nicaean]] forces under the command of [[Michael VIII Palaeologus]] in [[1261]].
9: Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire finally fell to the [[Ottoman Empire]] on [[May 29]], [[1453]...
24: *[http://www2.arch.uiuc.edu/research/rgouster Welcome to Constantinople], documenting the monuments... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
2: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin-left: 0.5...
3: | colspan="2" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" |
15: ... [[List of elements by symbol|Symbol]], [[List of elements by number|Number]]
22: | [[group _ element|_ ]], [[period 6 element|6]], [[f-block|f]]
28: | align="center" | silvery white, yellowish tinge<br>[[Image:Pr,59.jpg|125px|]] - List of Byzantine Emperors (11779 bytes)
3: ... numbering system. Of course, the Byzantines themselves continued to think of their empire as "Roman" ...
50: ...]) – non-dynastic, secretary of Philippicus elected by the senate
51: ...) – tax-collector; proclaimed emperor by rebellious troops
65: *[[Michael I Rhangabes]] (ruled [[811]] - [[813]]) – s...
66: ...led [[813]] - [[820]]) – general under Michael I - Song Dynasty (16385 bytes)
5: The Song dynasty itself can be divided into two distinct periods: the No...
7: ... control of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court. The Mongol [[...
14: ...paper money and a unified tax system meant the development of a true nationwide market system.
16: ...s point. Concurrently the Chinese invented or developed [[gunpowder]], the [[cannon]], the [[flamethr...
18: ...egarded as foreign and offering few practical guidelines for the solution of political and other munda...
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