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- Bagpipes (20858 bytes)
13: 7) Tuning Slide<br>
16: ...the bag by a stock, a small, usually wooden, cylinder which is tied into the bag and which the pipe it...
18: ...le chanters with a conical bore will produce a louder and brighter sound.
20: ...imes the term is also somewhat mistakenly used to describe the general sound produced by a bagpipe.
23: ...bag and combining it with a chanter and inflation device seems to have originated with various ethnic ... - Abdomen (6929 bytes)
2: ...ining in the very front of the abdomen. Some consider the pelvis a separate section, but there is no s...
5: ...[[muscle]] is the outermost muscle covering the side of the abdomen. It is broad, flat, and irregularl...
7: ...y. It lies between the internal oblique and the underlying transversalis fascia. It originates from P...
9: ...bdominus is enclosed in a thick sheath formed, as described above, by fibers from each of the three mu...
15: ... [[venae cavae|inferior vena cava]] are also considered part of the abdomen, but are located in the pa... - Gastrointestinal tract (16596 bytes)
13: *[[Mouth]] (buccal cavity; includes [[salivary glands]], [[mucosa]], [[tooth|teeth]]...
16: *[[Stomach]], which includes the [[antrum]] and [[pylorus]]
19: ***'''[[duodenum]]'''
27: ****[[descending colon]] and [[sigmoid flexure]]
33: ...bile]] into the small intestine via the [[gallbladder]] and [[biliary system]]. The [[pancreas]] secr... - Artery (6875 bytes)
3: ...known as the ''media''. This "middle layer" is made up of [[smooth muscle]] cells and elastic tissue....
9: ...ow, mean [[systemic]] pressures typically being under 100 mmHg, about 1.8 lbf/in², above surround...
11: ...rgic, other locally produced peptides, nitrous oxide, etc. (See epinephrine, norepinephrine, alpha and...
13: ...ssure, i.e. Systolic vs. Diastolic difference, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected ...
15: ...aturation increases and [[carbon dioxide]] levels decrease. [[Hemoglobin]] molecules within [[red blo... - Heart (10132 bytes)
1: ...Image:Heart_crca.jpg|thumb|right|230px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: ... language|Greek]] ''kardia'' (καρδια) for "heart".
7: ... a sac known as the [[pericardium]] and is surrounded by the [[lung]]s. In adults, it weighs about 300...
9: ...etween the atria and ventricles (atrioventricular valves) maintain coordinated unidirectional flow of blo...
15: ...ewly oxygenated blood passes through the [[mitral valve]] to enter the left ventricle. The left ventricl... - Stomach (5970 bytes)
2: [[Latin]] names for the stomach include ''Ventriculus'' and ''Gaster''; many medical term...
16: ...testine]] (the [[duodenum]]). It is on the left side of the [[abdominal cavity]], the ''fundus'' of th...
18: It is divided into five sections, each of which have different...
21: ...astrointestinal system]], the stomach walls are made of a number of layers.
23: ...ts of an [[epithelium]], the [[lamina propria]] underneath, and a thin bit of [[smooth muscle]] called... - Blast furnace (4721 bytes)
4: ...clear whether the blast furnace was independently developed there, or whether the technology was trans...
6: ...ource]], and the use of a [[coal]]-derived fuel made blast furnace-based iron smelting significantly l...
9: ...w the slag to pour out, and once emptied, another valve at the bottom opened to remove the pig iron.
15: ...chemically to produce pure iron and [[carbon dioxide]], which leaks out of the furnace at the top.
17: ...into [[calcium oxide]] and additional carbon dioxide: - Brass instrument (5234 bytes)
3: ...e the [[cornett]], and [[woodwind instrument]]s made of brass, like the [[saxophone]].
6: (not necessarily made from brass)
23: * [[Ophicleide]]
41: ...e still played in [[authentic performance]]s of older music, and for some ceremonial functions.
46: ''Piston valve'' - Baritone horn (1537 bytes)
1: ...rombone|trombonists]]/[[euphonium]]ists. It has 3 valves and a face forward bell and is the middle voice ...
5: ...oniums being mistakenly called baritones and four-valve instruments being seen as euphoniums. - Cornet (3752 bytes)
3: ...s a standard [[brass band]] instrument, which was derived from the bugle family. However, lately it ha...
7: ...y seen only in the brass band, is an Eb soprano model (often shortened to just "sop"), pitched a fourt...
9: ...very narrow at the [[mouthpiece]] and gradually widening towards the bell. The conical bore of the co...
13: ...traditionalists and it is not clear what its intended role is.
17: Like the trumpet and all other modern brasswind instruments, the cornet makes a sound... - Euphonium (3735 bytes)
3: ...age:4_Valve_Euphonium.jpg|thumb|right|A typical 4-valved bell-upright euphonium]]
5: The '''euphonium''' is a valved [[brass instrument]], the tenor member of the [[...
8: ...th a cylidrical bore), it has a more mellow, "rounder" sound than the "brassier" sound of a [[trombone...
10: ...ystems', consisting of extra tubing in the fourth valve. These both improve the stability of the instrume...
12: ...hich featured a second, smaller bell and an extra valve allowing the player to use that bell instead of t... - Flugelhorn (2315 bytes)
1: ...50px|Flugelhorn- this is a standard 3-valved Bb model.]]
2: ...n]] family developed by [[Adolphe Sax]] (who also developed the [[saxophone]]); however, other histori...
4: ...r playing style. It is usually played with a more deeply conical [[mouthpiece]] than either trumpets o...
6: The tone is fatter and usually regarded as more "mellow" and "dark" than that of the tru...
8: ...later projects. Other prominent practioners include [[Clark Terry]], [[Freddie Hubbard]], [[Woody Sha... - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
2: ... developed in France in about 1650 from the ''cor de chasse'' or hunting horn, and has been known as t...
6: ...sic)|harmonic series]], facilitated by its small, deep [[mouthpiece]], giving it its characteristic "m...
12: ... needed to play and the other could be free to guide his steed. The only way to change the pitch was ...
14: ...ype of horn, called the [[natural horn]] in the modern literature.
16: ...then three valves added to it. Using these three valves, the player could play all the notes reachable i... - Sousaphone (2220 bytes)
4: ...arching instrument; the bellfront version did not debut until the mid-[[1920s]]. (The professional ba...
6: ...e waist, and most of the weight rests on one shoulder. Thus, the sousaphone can be carried far more ea...
8: ...ion, rather than the four valves common on most modern concert tubas.
10: ...the tradeoff in cost and weight is generally considered acceptable in scholastic settings.
12: The sousaphone's large, flared bell can be also made from fiberglass or brass. In large marching bands... - Tenor horn (3923 bytes)
1: ...S]] and [[Germany]] the name '''tenor horn''' is identical with [[baritone horn]].
3: ==Description==
5: ...top of the valves and the other looping below the valves.
9: ... C onwards). Its beautiful mellow tone is most evident in this register and the notes at the bottom of...
13: ... and double high Eb (untransposed) in ascending order. These notes are part of the horn's harmonic ser... - Trombone (15819 bytes)
1: ...lide trombone, with slide extended.''<br>''This model has a B♭ to F attachment.'']]
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba''...
9: ...bore) after the lead pipe and through the hand slide. The bore expands through the neck pipe and backb...
12: ...history). The sackbut was slightly smaller than modern trombones, and had a bell that was more conical...
14: ... band]]s, [[Military band]]s, [[brass band]]s, [[:de:Posaunenchor|brass choir]]s, etc. It can be part ... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
6: ...bing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. Three valves make the trumpet fully [[chromatic]], allowing t...
8: ... sound and the ease with which it can be played. Deeper cupped mothpieces are best suited for expansi...
11: ...]] or ''cornetto'' (not to be confused with the modern cornet), and the [[Scandinavia]]n [[lur]].
14: ...c german.jpg|thumb|150px|trumpet in C with rotary valves]]
16: ...make well-known the term ''[[double high C]]'' to describe the next octave above high C. Trumpeters w... - Tuba (3116 bytes)
1: ...century]], when it largely replaced the [[ophicleide]].
17: ...are. Tubas come in both piston and rotary valve models.
19: ...s due to the need for the air to flow through the valve block twice.
25: Notable jazz tubists include: - Concertina (3686 bytes)
1: ...shConcertina.jpg|thumb|right|English concertina made by Wheatstone around 1920]]
10: ...ate nineteenth and early twentieth centuries include C. Jeffries (who built primarily Anglo-style conc...
13: ...te. A scale in most keys alternates between one side and the other. The English concertina is typicall...
16: ...English concertinas have button layouts that provide low notes in the left hand, high notes in the rig...
19: ...[Image:DCP_0022.jpg|thumb|Chemnitzer concertina made by Star Mfg., Cicero, Illinois, USA in 2000]] - Harmonium (4268 bytes)
5: ...mon in the late 19th century, replacing the [[melodeon]]. It was used as a practice instrument by orga...
9: ...[[Alexandre Debain]], though there was concurrent development of similar instruments.
15: ...ollowers of the [[sikh]] faith, who use it it the devotional singing of prayers, called [[kirtan]]. In...
20: ...Tulsidas Borkar of Mumbai. More and more music students are learning in this fashion.
22: ...octave coupler, a mechanical linkage that opens a valve for a note an octave below the note being played.
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