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- Christina of Sweden (9364 bytes)
1: ...attle of L?] ([[November 6]], [[1632]]) during Sweden's intervention in Germany in the [[Thirty Years'...
3: <table border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 align=right style=...
5: ...ourdon stor.jpg|center|185px|Christina of Sweden, depicted by S颡stien Bourdon]]
12: ...td>'''Predecessor'''<td>[[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]]
13: ...lign=top><td>'''Successor'''<td>[[Charles X of Sweden]] - Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
1: ...]'' (1612-21) Oil on canvas 199 x 162 cm Galleria degli [[Uffizi]], Florence]]
3: ...ings, at a time when such heroic themes were considered beyond a mere woman's reach.
7: ...more talent than her brothers, who worked along side her. She learned drawing, how to mix color and ho...
9: ...anna and the Elders, Sch?rn Collection, Pommersfelden]]
10: ...]] in [[Pommersfelden]]. The picture shows how, under parental guidance, Artemisia assimilated the rea... - Adam and Eve (8913 bytes)
1: ....png|250px|thumb|right|''God creates Adam'', by [[Michelangelo]]. The mural on the ceiling of the [[Sistine Chap...
2: ...art of Genesis is read and how it is interpreted. Depending on which tradition is believed, she may or...
12: ...k print portraying Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden with many of the "lower creatures."]]
15: ...f Eden to cultivate it, and to enjoy its fruits under this one prohibition: "Of the tree of the knowle...
17: ...ow "the eyes of them both were opened" and they made aprons of [[fig]] leaves to cover themselves. - Renaissance (14795 bytes)
1: ...e [[Modern Age]]. The Renaissance is usually considered to have begun in the [[14th century]] in [[Ita...
5: ... by French historian [[Jules Michelet]], and expanded upon by [[Switzerland|Swiss]] historian [[Jacob ...
10: ...riod is now often replaced by the term "[[Early Modern]]". (See [[periodization|periodisation]], [[Lum...
12: ...e as the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age.
17: ...del Fiore.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The [[Santa Maria del Fiore]] church of [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. Flore... - Sculpture (5545 bytes)
3: ...gh arrangement and juxtaposition or by the simple designation of an object or even an act as sculpture...
5: ...man hands or by nature. A figure or person can be described as ''sculpturesque'' if it shares qualitie...
21: ** [[jade]]
37: ...even proposed that some day sculptures might be made of gases; see [[gas sculpture]].
39: ...dern art|modern]] and contemporary sculpture include: - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
4: ...oric times. Most [[Stone Age]] statuettes were made of ivory or soft stone, however some clay human a...
6: ...aterials used for sculpture during this time included basalt, diorite (a type of dark, coarse-grained ...
8: ...ith gold and mosaic inlay with a black-bearded golden bull's head.
11: ...ieved to represent Hammurabi. The head has the wide open eyes, typical of the time period.
13: ...t can have four legs visible if viewed from the side. The piece was excavated at [[Nimrud]] (in north... - Painting (4567 bytes)
2: ...using written language. Artistic painting is considered by many to be among the most important of the ...
8: The oldest known '''paintings''' are at the [[Grotte Chauv...
14: ...ry:Artistic techniques|Painting technique]]s include:
34: ...at the pigment is suspended or embedded in, which determines the general working characteristics of th...
36: Examples include: - List of people by name: U (6532 bytes)
4: ...g San]], Commander in Chief of the [[Burma Independence Army]]
17: *[[Albert Uderzo|Uderzo, Albert]], (born 1927), French cartoonist of '...
18: *[[Ernst Udet|Udet, Ernst]], German WWI fighter ace
23: ...iba|Ueshiba, Morihei]], (1883-1969), Japanese founder of [[aikido]]
25: *[[Fritz von Uhde|Uhde, Fritz von]], (1848-1911), German painter - St. Peter's Basilica (17805 bytes)
4: .... However, due to the proximity of the Papal residence, most Papal ceremonies take place at St. Peter...
7: ...f Saint Peter. The high canopy or baldocchino was designed by Bernini.]]
10: In the mid-[[15th century]] it was decided that the old basilica should be rebuilt. [[Pope ...
12: ...aderno]] became the chief architect later on, and designed the entrance.
16: ==Details== - List of painters (54090 bytes)
10: *[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian [[scul...
12: *[[Claude Monet]], ([[1840]]-[[1926]]), French [[Impression...
36: *[[Tadeusz Ajdukiewicz]] ([[1852]]-[[1916]])
49: *[[Lawrence Alma-Tadema]] ([[1836]]-[[1912]])
117: *[[Romare Bearden]] ([[1914]]-[[1988]]) - List of Renaissance figures (6600 bytes)
3: ==Political leaders==
12: **[[Cosimo de' Medici]]
13: **[[Lorenzo de' Medici]] (a.k.a. ''Lorenzo il Magnifico'')
22: **[[Catherine de Medici]] Queen of France
23: ...f Poland]] (duchess of [[Finland]], queen of [[Sweden]]) - List of popes (77758 bytes)
4: ...s]], and there have been either 265 or 266 popes, depending on whether a source counts [[#Notes on num...
6: ...] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus Servorum Dei|Servant of the Servants of God]].''
12: {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse"
29: | <small>Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day ([[SS Peter & Paul]]) [[29 June]]...
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23 September]]</small> - Saint Peter (16028 bytes)
2: ...shop]], declaring that the office of bishop was a development of later [[Christianity]]. Furthermore,...
4: ...f Saint Peter]] in [[Vatican City]]. He is often depicted in art as holding the keys to the gates of ...
7: ...tatue.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Saint Peter is usually depicted in art holding the keys to the gates of hea...
8: ...ble or piece of rock (but can just as easily be understood to be Matthew changing the feminine "Petra"...
11: ...are no other contemporary accounts of his life or death. Before becoming a disciple of Jesus, Simon ('... - Donatello (10376 bytes)
3: ...''Donato di Niccolo Betto Bardi''') ([[1386]] - [[December 13]], [[1466]])
7: ... eventually construct the cupola of [[Santa Maria del Fiore]] in Florence, while Donatello acquired hi...
10: ...t a later date received [[Michelangelo Buonarroti|Michelangelo]]'s unstinted admiration.
13: [[Image:Davide (Donatello).jpg|right|thumb|100px|[[Donatello's D...
14: ... copied from life with all their angularities and deviations from the lines of beauty. - Leonardo da Vinci (25889 bytes)
2: ... for designing many inventions that anticipated modern technology but were rarely constructed in his l...
7: .... It has also been suggested, albeit on scanty evidence, that she was a [[Middle East|Middle Eastern]]...
9: As he was born before modern naming conventions developed in [[Europe]], his full name was "Leonardo...
11: ...s father soon showed them to the painter [[Andrea del Verrocchio]], who subsequently took on the fourt...
12: ...ntellect that whatever he turned his mind to he made himself master of with ease" ([[Giorgio Vasari|Va... - Lorenzo Ghiberti (754 bytes)
1: '''Lorenzo Ghiberti''' ([[1378]] - [[December 1]], [[1455]]) was an important [[Renaissan...
3: ...ld Testament]]. These gates were so admired by [[Michelangelo]] that he nicknamed them the "Gates of Paradise." - Raphael (3466 bytes)
2: ...Santi, Raffaello de Urbino''' or '''Rafael Sanzio de Urbino'''.
4: ...he styles of [[Leonardo da Vinci|Leonardo]] and [[Michelangelo]].
8: ...ting Christian [[theology|theologian]]s grouped under [[Jesus]].
10: Under [[Pope Leo X]] he was chief architect of [[Saint...
12: ... his biographer) set a period to his labours, and deprived the world of further benefit from his talen... - Florence (11538 bytes)
3: ...]an trade and finance, the city is sometimes considered the birthplace of the [[Italian Renaissance]]....
9: ...x|The bridges of Florence at sunset from Piazzale Michelangelo]]
17: Florence's recorded history began with the establishment in [[59 BC]...
19: ...Alighieri]]. This factional strife was later recorded by the White Guelph [[Dino Compagni]] in his [[C...
21: ...ing an anti-aristocratic movement, led by [[Giano della Bella]], that resulted in a set of laws called... - Tuscany (4785 bytes)
1: ... [[Tyrrhenian Sea]] to the west. It is often regarded as among the most beautiful parts of [[Italy]].
4: ...The unique artistic patrimony of this region includes [[architecture]], [[painting]] and [[sculpture]]...
8: Notable [[tourist]] destinations in Tuscany include [[Florence]], [[Pisa]], [[Lucca]], [[Maremma]] (i...
12: isocode = |
25: populationdensity = 152 | - Italy (17022 bytes)
3: The independent countries of [[San Marino]] and the [[Vatican C...
7: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
10: {| border=0 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="background:...
13: | width="130px"| ([[Flag of Italy|In Detail]])
24: |'''[[President of Italy|President]]''' || [[Carlo Azeglio Ciampi]]
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