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- Bassoon (11661 bytes)
2: ...re. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, variety of character, and agility.
4: ==History and development==
6: ...e instrument body to the reed. It was, like the modern instrument,frequently constructed of maple, wit...
8: ...oon" in ''Dioclesian'' (1690) referring to the wooden double reed, the word began to be used to refer ...
10: ...ich scholars date to the end of the 17th century, depicts the bassoon much as it appears in its curren... - Contrabassoon (3761 bytes)
3: *The reed is considerably larger, at 70-75 mm in total length as compa...
5: ...s also required, as the primary finger keys are widely spaced.
6: *There is considerably more air volume required in playing, and the...
7: ... water key to expel condensation, and a tuning slide for gross pitch adjustments.
11: ...ality which can be remediated by appropriate reed design changes. While prominent in solo and small e... - Recorder (12954 bytes)
1: ...r to the functioning of the ancestors of the recorder, early folk [[whistle]]s.
3: ...at the instrument intended was the sopranino recorder.
5: ...y at some level, is pre-tuned, and is not too strident in even the most musically-inept hands. It is h...
7: ... of recorder music in which he himself plays recorders.
9: ... are the most common solo instruments in the recorder family. - Sarrusophone (1431 bytes)
3: ...fingering is similar to a saxophone, and it was made in sizes from sopranino to subcontrabass.
9: ...nly used as a novelty upon occasions. It had poor intonation and a sound less clear than that of the saxophone... - Cornett (5160 bytes)
6: ...he form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of [[ivory]] or [[wood]] with [[woodwind instrume...
8: ...ical instrument classification]] places it alongside instruments such as the [[trumpet]].
10: ...ompromise--often with the need to go on playing modern brass instruments--may use a much larger mouthp...
14: ...nd [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] wrote much of his resplendent [[Venetian polychoral style|polychoral]] music ...
16: ...ugh to be used in a consort of viols or even recorders. - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
2: ... developed in France in about 1650 from the ''cor de chasse'' or hunting horn, and has been known as t...
6: ...sic)|harmonic series]], facilitated by its small, deep [[mouthpiece]], giving it its characteristic "m...
12: ... needed to play and the other could be free to guide his steed. The only way to change the pitch was ...
14: ...ype of horn, called the [[natural horn]] in the modern literature.
16: ...rmonic series, and there were then three valves added to it. Using these three valves, the player cou... - Trombone (15819 bytes)
1: ...lide trombone, with slide extended.''<br>''This model has a B♭ to F attachment.'']]
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba''...
9: ...bore) after the lead pipe and through the hand slide. The bore expands through the neck pipe and backb...
12: ...history). The sackbut was slightly smaller than modern trombones, and had a bell that was more conical...
14: ... band]]s, [[Military band]]s, [[brass band]]s, [[:de:Posaunenchor|brass choir]]s, etc. It can be part ... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
6: ...esign of these tapers is critical to the [[tuning|intonation]] of the instrument.) [[Sound]] is produced by b...
8: ... sound and the ease with which it can be played. Deeper cupped mothpieces are best suited for expansi...
11: ...]] or ''cornetto'' (not to be confused with the modern cornet), and the [[Scandinavia]]n [[lur]].
16: ...make well-known the term ''[[double high C]]'' to describe the next octave above high C. Trumpeters w...
19: ...urice Andre]], [[Wynton Marsalis]] and [[Hakan Hardenberger]]. - Guitar (36953 bytes)
2: ...tic guitar features [[steel]] strings and more guide dots on the [[fretboard]].]]
10: ...d in a wide variety of musical styles. They are made and repaired by [[luthiers]].
12: Guitars are widely known as the primary instrument in [[rock music...
16: ... were invented in Central Asia, Iran. Earliest evidence of instruments very similar to the Westernized...
17: ...tp://www.iranian.com/Music/2002/November/Guitar/index.html See related article]). - Golden Ratio (15928 bytes)
1: ...l ratio. For the [[Aristotelian]] concept of "golden mean" see [[Nicomachean Ethics]].''
3: ...he '''golden mean''', '''golden section''', '''golden number''' or '''divine proportion'''.
5: ...asus of Metapontum]]. [[Euclid]] spoke of the "golden mean" this way, "A straight line is said to hav...
7: The golden ratio is typically symbolized by the [[Greek alp...
13: ...ong believed to have used the golden ratio in his designs. - Musical notation (19883 bytes)
3: ...is shown using the [[diatonic scale]], with [[accidental]]s to allow notes on the [[chromatic scale]],...
8: There is some evidence that a kind of musical notation was practiced ...
10: .... An example of a complete composition — indeed the ''only'' surviving complete composition usi...
12: ...but its few surviving fragments have not yet been deciphered.
16: == Standard notation described ==
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