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- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys wit...
5: ... [[plasticity (physics)|plastically]] formed (pounded, rolled, etc.).
8: ...l><sub>2</sub></small>— [[Pyrite]]. Iron oxide is a soft [[sandstone]]-like material with limite...
11: ...similarly soft and metallic but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04 wt% carbon at 1...
13: ...ry similar unit cell structure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires... - Reproduction (2286 bytes)
5: ...[[biological]] process by which organisms create descendants through the combination of [[genetic]] m...
6: ...brate]]s of the [[Order (biology)|order]] ''Hydroidea'') and [[yeast]] are able to reproduce by [[budd...
8: There are a wide range of reproductive strategies employed by diff...
10: ...l energy on nurturing, allowing more energy to be devoted to survival and more breeding.
12: ...pring). Which strategy is favoured depends on a wide range of circumstances. - Denis Diderot (13048 bytes)
1: ...age:DiderotVanLoo.jpg|thumb|right|''Portrait of Diderot'' by [[Louis-Michel van Loo]], 1767]]
3: '''Denis Diderot''' ([[October 5]], [[1713]] – [[July 31]...
5: ...n which many an article and sermon about consumer desire have been based.
7: ...s]]. In 1743 he married Anne Toinette Champion, a devout [[Roman Catholic]]. He had affairs with the w...
10: - Emma Goldman (12210 bytes)
3: ... language representative in [[London]] of the [[Federacinarquista Ib鲩ca|CNT-FAI]].
6: ...for her anarchist ideas and her independent attitude.
9: At the age of 17 she emigrated with her elder sister, Helene, to Rochester, NY, to live with t...
10: ...anberkman.jpe|thumb|240px|right|Goldman and Alexander Berkman]]
13: ...attempted assassination of [[Henry Clay Frick]] made her highly unpopular with the authorities. Berkma... - Amelia Earhart (9225 bytes)
6: ...m]]. Because of Edwin Earhart's inability to provide for his family, Amelia spent the first twelve yea...
8: ...War I]]. In 1919 she enrolled as a pre-medical student at [[Columbia University]] in [[New York City]]...
10: ... her life began to include George Putnam. The two developed a friendship during preparation for the At...
14: ... of the [[National Geographic Society]] from President [[Herbert Hoover]].
16: ...[[Newark, New Jersey]]. In July [[1936]] she took delivery of a [[Lockheed 10E]] "Electra," financed b... - Hypatia of Alexandria (10302 bytes)
2: ... Her contributions to science are reputed to include the invention of the [[astrolabe]] and the [[hydr...
4: ...man Empire had embarked on an intense campaign to destroy pagan places of worship.
8: ...e, and dogmatic Christians who demanded the final destruction of paganism on the other. Hypatia herse...
12: ...ll the philosophers of her own time. Having succeeded to the school of Plato and Plotinus, she explain...
14: ...contemporary information about Hypatia's life and death. - Rosalind Franklin (9829 bytes)
2: ...apher]] who made important contributions to the understanding of the fine structures of [[coal]], [[DN...
8: ...h carbon fibres and was the basis of her doctoral degree in physical chemistry that she earned in 1945...
9: ...es Mering, her mentor, had been unhappy about her decision to leave and refused to put his name on the...
15: ...t 'Strictly speaking, our model was not finally ''decisively'' proved until some 25 or so years later'...
18: .... In fact, she had already prepared a draft paper describing the structure as a double helix when Cric... - Billie Holiday (6766 bytes)
3: ...'''[[Jazz royalty|Lady Day]]''' is generally considered one of the greatest [[jazz]] [[singer]]s of al...
7: ...ng as a [[prostitute]] with her mother. This preceded her move to [[New York]] with her mother sometim...
9: ...er as a "[[Frank DeViese]]". Some historians consider this an anomaly, probably inserted by a hospital...
16: ...ormance, with pianist (and then-lover) [[Bobby Henderson]], did much to solidify her standing as a jaz...
20: ...songs, her unique tone and emotional commitment made her performances special. - Ploidy (4598 bytes)
13: ...]]) of each [[chromosome]] (both sex- and non-sex determining chromosomes), usually one from the [[mot...
16: ...ale develops from fertilized eggs: the sperm provides a second set of chromosomes when it fertilizes t...
18: ...dy is found in many species of insects from the order [[Hymenoptera]], particularly [[ant]]s, [[bee]]s...
21: ...nt, leaving just one set. In [[mammals]] this renders this cell equal to [[sperm]] or [[Ovum|egg]].
26: ... ploidy number. This may lead to problems in cell development. Most forms of aneuploidy in humans are ... - Manuscript (5266 bytes)
1: ...uced some other way. Information may be hand-recorded in other ways than in manuscripts, as [[inscript...
8: ...oll]]s (''volumen'' in Latin) or [[book]]s (''[[codex]], codices''). Manuscripts were produced on [[v...
10: ...ch making a single copy from an original that was declaimed aloud.
12: ... languages]], written on palm leaves, survived in desert burials in the [[Tarim Basin]] of Central Asi...
16: ...brew language|Hebrew]] manuscripts, such as the [[Dead Sea scrolls]] make no such differentiation. - Bookbinding (7761 bytes)
1: ...|Illustration of Medieval Bookbinding. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
4: ... were easier to handle, allowed writing on both sides of the leaves, and could be searched through mor...
6: ... handmade materials, sizes and styles varied considerably, and each book was a unique creation or a co...
8: ...rdize somewhat. But page sizes still varied considerably.
10: ...books3a.jpg|250px|Picture of Old Books. Image provded by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: ...ecorative [[writing]]. A style of calligraphy is described as a ''hand''.
4: ...d [[epigraphy]]. Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general ter...
8: ...dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Alt...
10: ...34269;, all meaning "the way of writing") is considered an important art in [[East Asia]] and the most...
12: ...he Prime Minister [[Li Si]] drew up an official index of characters and unified the written form for t... - Printing (4400 bytes)
3: ...zlamywak.jpg|right|thumb|The [[folding machine|folder]] of newspaper web offset printing press]]
11: ...' was already in use by the 6th century BC. The oldest surviving book printed using the more sophistic...
13: ... design of his machine on a wine press, Gutenberg developed the use of raised and movable type and fro...
15: ...7 printers by 1500. In 1476, a printing press was developed in England by [[William Caxton]]; in 1539,...
18: ...efelder]] discovered [[lithography]]. [[Blake]] made relief etchings. Early in the [[nineteenth centur... - Seal (device) (5951 bytes)
2: ...ignature]]. The word is also used to describe the device used to make this impression. The study of se...
6: ...struments required seals for validity (i.e. the [[deed]] or [[covenant]]) it is rather uncommon for pr...
8: ...overnments would often send letters to citizens under the governmental seal for their eyes only. Thes...
14: == Seal as device ==
16: ...cient [[Mesopotamia]] seals were engraved on cylinders, which could be rolled to create an impression ... - Oboe (5230 bytes)
1: [[Image:Oboe.jpg|thumbnail|50px|right|Modern Oboe]]
3: ...a descendant of the [[shawm]]. The word "oboe" is derived from the French word ''hautbois'', meaning "...
7: ...often produce a nasal (often out-of-tune) and strident tone that is difficult to blend with other inst...
13: ...gether with the flute/recorder it is one of the oldest [[woodwind]] instruments.
17: ...table oboe-makers of that period are the German [[Denner]] and the English [[Stanesby]]. The range fo... - John Hancock (8787 bytes)
3: ... Independence|United States Declaration of Independence]]]]
5: ...to sign the [[United States Declaration of Independence]]. According to legend, he signed his name lar...
8: ...ended [[Harvard College]] and received a business degree in [[1754]], when he was 17. Upon graduation,...
10: ...ously, the same. With his generosity, he was regarded as a man of integrity and honor.
13: ... [[Massachusetts General Court]], his colonial trade business naturally disposed him to resist the [[S... - Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Thomas Jefferson
3: | image name=Seal_us_presdent.jpg
4: | order=Third President
7: | preceded=[[John Adams]]
8: | succeeded=[[James Madison]] - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...utenberg]] in the 1450s. This event has been awarded number 1 of the Top 100 Greatest Events of the M...
3: ==Development of the printing press==
4: ...ssing sheets of paper into individually carved wooden blocks ([[xylography]]). It is believed that blo...
6: ...in [[Song China]] and facilitated more creative modes of printing. Nevertheless, movable type was neve...
8: ... Gutenberg refined the technique with the first widespread use of movable type, where the characters a... - Flag of North Dakota (1521 bytes)
1: ...g.jpg|thumb|right|Flag of North Dakota.Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
2: The design for the '''Flag of North Dakota''' is an almo...
4: ...on for mass-production; very few if any are embroidered.
6: ...of the blue color varies as well, some versions a deep navy and others almost a sky blue.
8: ...ta]] has been subject to wide interpretation outside the state. Furthermore, no digital representatio... - Abydos, Egypt (9715 bytes)
2: ...bydos, like the city on the [[Hellespont]]; the modern [[Arabic language|Arabic]] name is [[Arabet el ...
6: ...c Period|Ptolemaic]] times the place continued to decay and no later works are known (Petrie, ''Abydos...
10: ...r times, so that at last the whole place was considered as sacred to him (''Abydos'', ii. 47).
14: ...ler building was erected behind it, enclosing a wide hearth of black ashes.
15: ...hese were probably the substitutes for sacrifices decreed by [[Khufu (pharaoh)|Khufu]] (or Cheops) in ...
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