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- Cell biology (3658 bytes)
1: ...acterium|bacteria]] and specialized cells in multicellular organisms like [[human]]s.
3: ... type to be extrapolated and generalized to other cell types.
4: ...]], [[biochemistry]], [[molecular biology]] and [[developmental biology]].
6: ==Processes in cell biology==
8: ...teins destined to be degraded move back into intracellular compartments <!-- (I forget what they are cal... - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
1: [[Image:Epithelial-cells.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Cells in culture, [[stain]]ed for [[keratin]] (red) an...
2: ...ve an estimated 100,000 billion = 10<sup>14</sup> cells).
3: ...ransmitting information to the next generation of cells.
5: ... likeness he saw between [[cork (material)|cork]] cells and small rooms.
8: ===Properties of cells=== - Cell nucleus (3211 bytes)
1: ... store [[information]] needed for [[cell division|cellular division]].
4: ...he nuclear face of the nuclear envelope is surrounded by a scaffold of filaments called the [[nuclear ...
10: The whole structure is surrounded by cytoplasm. (Drawing is based on ER images.)<b...
12: ...s are dissolved. These substances include nucleotide triphospates, [[enzymes]], [[proteins]], and [[tr...
14: ...ntain genes which are frequently expressed by the cell. - Plant cell (2762 bytes)
1: ...[Image:Plant_cell_structure.jpg|thumb|320px|Plant cell structure]]
3: ...''' are quite different from the [[cell (biology)|cells]] of the other eukaryotic kingdom's [[organism]]...
5: ...membrane, the ''tonoplast''), which maintains the cell's [[turgor]] and controls movement of molecules b...
6: ...e of [[chitin]], and [[prokaryotes]], which are made of [[peptidoglycan]].
7: ...ach plant cell to communicate with other adjacent cells. This is different from the network of [[hyphae]... - Cell (29541 bytes)
1: [[Image:Epithelial-cells.jpg|right|thumb|160px|Cells in culture, [[stain]]ed for [[keratin]] (red) an...
2: ...ve an estimated 100,000 billion = 10<sup>14</sup> cells).
3: ...ransmitting information to the next generation of cells.
5: ... likeness he saw between [[cork (material)|cork]] cells and small rooms.
8: ===Properties of cells=== - Cell division (1579 bytes)
1: [[Image:Mitosis_23.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
2: ...procreation ([[vegetative reproduction]]) in [[unicellular organism]]s.
4: ...lticellular organisms, fusing to form new diploid cells.
6: ...[[telomerase]] allows them to continue dividing indefinitely.
9: * [[Cell cycle]] - Cell cycle (2937 bytes)
1: ...sts of [[interphase]], [[mitosis]], and usually [[cell division]].
2: ...cle is regulated by [[cyclin]]s and [[cyclin-dependent kinase]]s.
3: ... these central molecules in the regulation of the cell cycle.
6: [[Image:Mitosis_23.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
7: The phases of the cell cycle are: - Solar cell (27643 bytes)
1: ...effect'''. The field of research related to solar cells is known as [[photovoltaics]].
3: ...ones, [[water]] pumping applications, etc. Solar cells (in the form of modules or [[solar panels]]) are...
5: ...r_cell.png|thumb|250x|right|A '''solar cell''', made from a poly-crystalline silicon wafer]]
13: ''Main article'': [[Timeline of solar cells]]
15: ...hods of increasing the capacity of photosensitive cells. - Cell wall (6206 bytes)
1: ...l wall degrading [[enzyme]]s, what is left of the cell and its surrounding plasma membrane is called a [...
3: == Plant cell walls ==
5: ...is induced by excess water inside the plant cell. Cell walls protect agains [[pathogen]]s and the enviro...
7: ...t to the protoplasts of adjacent cells across the cell wall.
9: ...lasmodesma to connect cells through the secondary cell walls.
Page text matches
- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. One classical definition is that steels are iron-carbon alloys wit...
5: ... [[plasticity (physics)|plastically]] formed (pounded, rolled, etc.).
8: ...l><sub>2</sub></small>— [[Pyrite]]. Iron oxide is a soft [[sandstone]]-like material with limite...
11: ...similarly soft and metallic but can dissolve considerably more carbon (as much as 2.04 wt% carbon at 1...
13: ...ry similar unit cell structure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires... - Marie Antoinette (40871 bytes)
4: ...ur of Saint John the Evangelist. A court official described the new baby as "a small, but completely h...
6: ...f her closest sister, Maria-Carolina (two years older) and brother, Max, (one year younger.) Her other...
7: ...een years before Antoinette's birth. She was considered one of the most brilliant political figures in...
9: ...ld like as a reward, Mozart is said to have responded by saying he would like the hand of the Empress'...
11: ...d off to European royalty. Maria-Christina, the eldest, was married to the Regent of the [[Netherlands... - Mae Jemison (5527 bytes)
1: ...' blasted into orbit aboard the [[Space Shuttle Endeavour]], [[September 12]], [[1992]], she was the f...
3: ...iences]], and was co-investigator in the [[Bone]] Cell Research experiment in the [[Spacelab]] laborator...
5: ...ysician]], teacher and [[astronaut]], she has a wide range of experience in technology, engineering, a...
9: ...ldren, was born on [[October 17]], [[1956]], in [[Decatur, Alabama]] and raised in [[Chicago, Illinois...
11: ...B. in African and Afro-American Studies. She attended [[Weill Cornell Medical College|Cornell Medical ... - Ulrike Meinhof (1853 bytes)
3: ...rmee Fraktion''), which is also known as the ''Baader-Meinhof gang''.
7: ...including the concept of the [[urban guerrilla]], decrying what she called the exploitation of the com...
9: ... her life imprisonment, she was found dead in her cell on [[May 9]], [[1976]], hanging from the ceiling.... - Julian of Norwich (1710 bytes)
1: ...rom a severe illness and believing she was on her deathbed, Julian had a series of intense visions. T...
12: *[http://www.poetseers.org/spiritual_and_devotional_poets/christian/julian Mother Julian of N... - Hannah Szenes (4490 bytes)
9: ... ''Maccabea'', a Hungarian [[Zionism|Zionist]] student organization.
11: Szenes graduated 1939 and decided to move to study in the Girls' Agricultural Scho...
13: ... Hannah and her comrades crossed the Hungarian border in small groups. She was captured before she cou...
55: :''Happy is the blaze that burnt inside the hearts.''
59: The following lines were found in Hanna's death cell after her execution, (translated from the Hebrew ... - Lucille Ball (12427 bytes)
2: ...[[comedian]] and star of [[I Love Lucy]]. A 'B-grade' [[movie star]] of the [[1940s]], she became one ...
4: ...a romance with a local bad boy (Johnny), Ball decided to enroll in the
5: ...on sentence. Right then, Ball decided that she needed to escape the traumas of her life.
7: ..."royalty" honor with [[Macdonald Carey]], who was designated as her "king".
9: ...ivorced in [[1945]], but remarried the same year, deciding to patch things up. - Orchidaceae (20056 bytes)
14: ...nd their [[symbiosis]] with mycorrhizae, are considered by some to be the culmination of floral [[evol...
16: ...s). He was a student of [[Aristotle]] and is considered the father of [[botany]] and [[ecology]].
18: Orchids, in their natural habitat, are considered by [[CITES]] as threatened or endangered. They...
20: == General description ==
21: ...itan]] in distribution, except [[Antarctica]] and deserts. The great majority are to be found in the [... - Botany (8977 bytes)
1: ...[[reproduction]], [[metabolism]], [[morphogenesis|development]], [[phytopathology|diseases]], and [[ev...
6: [[Image:Dandelion-with-dew.jpg|400px|thumb]]
9: ...al]] level through [[organelle]]s, [[cell biology|cells]], [[biological tissue|tissues]], [[organ (anato...
11: ...ost algae, fungi, and microbes are no longer considered to be in the plant kingdom. However, attention...
13: ...house gas]], through [[photosynthesis]]. A good understanding of plants is crucial to the future of hu... - Nervous system (3163 bytes)
3: ...|toxins]], typically causing [[paralysis]] and/or death.
6: ...nsists basically of two types of [[cell (biology)|cells]]:
7: *[[Neuron]]s are the primary cells of the nervous system
8: *[[Glia]] are secondary cells involved in nourishment and structural support.
15: ...ys]] and [[motor pathways]], the latter being divided into the [[somatic nervous system|somatic (volun... - Respiratory system (5107 bytes)
1: ...e day, consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide constantly.
22: ...]s generally accompany the [[airway]]s and also undergo numerous branchings. The [[pulmonary circulati...
24: ...chool science lab equipment/Bell jar model lung|model of how the lungs are inflated]] can be built fro...
27: ...minute while excreting about 200ml of carbon dioxide.
31: ...he respiratory system includes many mechanisms to defend itself and prevent [[pathogen]]s from enterin... - Circulatory system (8794 bytes)
2: ...art_crca.jpg|thumb|200px|Human Heart Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
7: #Delivery of [[oxygen]] and [[nutrient]]s to all part...
8: #Collection of metabolic wastes and delivery to the excretory organs, e.g. [[kidney]]s.
9: #Role in the [[immune system]] of defense against [[infection]].
20: ... the four-chambered heart of birds evolved independently of that of mammals. - Lymphatic system (6229 bytes)
1: ...nvolved in the removal of foreign matter and cell debris by [[phagocyte]]s and is part of the body's [...
7: ...ian = collar bones i.e. they run along the underside of the collar bones).
14: ...he thymus (hence their name), and B-lymphocytes undergo maturation in the bone marrow. After maturati...
17: ...ducing [[antibody|antibodies]] or serve as memory cells to recognize the antigens again in the future.
19: ...s importance in fighting infections that have invaded the blood. - Human skeleton (3903 bytes)
2: The '''human skeleton''' is made of [[bone]]s, some of them joined together, suppo...
4: ...ones that fuse together during growth. These include the bones in the [[skull]] and the [[spine (anato...
6: There are 6 bones (three on each side) in the [[middle ear]] that articulate only with ...
11: ...sary for protection of [[vital organ]]s and is needed by the [[muscle|muscles]] for movement.
14: ...keleton consists of bones in the midline and includes all the bones of the head and neck, the [[verteb... - Digestion (4206 bytes)
1: ...icellular]], [[cell (biology)|cellular]], and sub-cellular levels.
9: ...he digestive tract, more enzymes are activated or deactivated to extract and process various nutrients...
11: ...s reabsorbed, and leftover waste is excreted by [[defaecation]].
15: ...at produces [[cud]] to enable easier digestion of cellulose.
21: * [[Secretin]] - is in the [[duodenum]] and signals the secretion of sodium bicarbon... - Immune system (14564 bytes)
1: ...e narrow sense, many higher organisms have organs dedicated to the maintenance of immunity, such as th...
3: It is often divided into the two sections of innate and adaptive imm...
6: .... While study of the bacterial immune system provides useful insights into immunology, higher organism...
8: ...e immune system is an organ system that acts as a defense against foreign [[pathogen]]s (such as [[vir...
11: ...rders ([[immunodeficiency]] and [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmunity]]) arise from failures of discrimin... - Brain (22060 bytes)
4: ...[Image:Anatomy06-brain.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
5: ...rimarily made up of two types of [[cell (biology)|cell]]s: [[glia]] and [[neuron]]s. Glia function prima...
7: ==A smart device==
11: ...the volume of the brain compact enough to fit inside the skull.
14: ...vessel]]s in the brain, is another major cause of death and brain damage. - Ear (6659 bytes)
1: ...ge:Ear.jpg|thumb|A left [[human]] ear. Image provided by [https://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip ...
3: An '''ear''' is an organ used by an animal to detect [[sound]]. The term may refer to the entire ...
7: ...ncluding [[human]]s, have two ears, one on each side of the head.
10: ... waves. Many [[mammal]]s can move the pinna in order to focus their hearing in a certain direction, i...
12: ...umb|250px|left| Photography of a baby. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar... - Human brain (15406 bytes)
9: ...synaptic]] connections, making it one of the most densely connected network systems among natural and ...
13: .... The male brain has approximately 4% more brain cells and 100 more grams of brain tissue than the fema...
15: ...arated by a prominent [[central fissure]]. A well-developed [[cerebellum]] is visible at the back of t...
21: ...weighs 1,500 g in air weighs only 50 g when suspended in CSF. (Livingston, 1965). Fluid movement withi...
23: ...pressure can result in permanent brain injury and death. - Artery (6875 bytes)
3: ...is "middle layer" is made up of [[smooth muscle]] cells and elastic tissue. The outermost layer (furthe...
9: ...ow, mean [[systemic]] pressures typically being under 100 mmHg, about 1.8 lbf/in², above surround...
11: ...rgic, other locally produced peptides, nitrous oxide, etc. (See epinephrine, norepinephrine, alpha and...
13: ...ssure, i.e. Systolic vs. Diastolic difference, is determined primarily by the amount of blood ejected ...
15: ...ase. [[Hemoglobin]] molecules within [[red blood cell]]s greatly increase the blood's oxygen carrying c...
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