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- Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
1: ...]'' (1612-21) Oil on canvas 199 x 162 cm Galleria degli [[Uffizi]], Florence]]
3: ...ings, at a time when such heroic themes were considered beyond a mere woman's reach.
7: ...more talent than her brothers, who worked along side her. She learned drawing, how to mix color and ho...
9: ...anna and the Elders, Sch?rn Collection, Pommersfelden]]
10: ...ithout being indifferent to the language of the [[Bologna]] school (which had [[Annibale Carracci]] among i... - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...utenberg]] in the 1450s. This event has been awarded number 1 of the Top 100 Greatest Events of the M...
3: ==Development of the printing press==
4: ...ssing sheets of paper into individually carved wooden blocks ([[xylography]]). It is believed that blo...
6: ...in [[Song China]] and facilitated more creative modes of printing. Nevertheless, movable type was neve...
8: ... Gutenberg refined the technique with the first widespread use of movable type, where the characters a... - Portugal (61755 bytes)
1: ... [[Azores Islands|Azores]]and [[Madeira Islands|Madeira and Porto Santo]] (including the [[Savage Isla...
5: ...After the rise of other colonial powers, Portugal declined.
7: ...ocial and economic progress in the subsequent decades, with a clear slow-down in the last few years.
15: ...ver among some other tribes. {{Inote | ''Hist de Portugal - A Forma磯 do Territ'', page 9, "A...
17: ...atin Right]] in [[73|73 AD]].{{Inote | ''Hist de Portugal - A Forma磯 do Territ'', page 135, ... - Medieval music (31843 bytes)
2: ...s4.jpg|thumb|200px|Medieval Musicians. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
9: ...implicity of chant, with unison voice and natural declamation, is most common.
11: ...multiple texts and instrumental accompaniment has developed by the end of the era.
14: ...musical notation|notation]] was a relatively late development, reconstruction of this music, especiall...
17: ...ic of the 13th century uses the rhythmic modes as defined by Garlandia. - Barbecue (24807 bytes)
1: ...Airpork Crew barbecue team prepares [[pork]] shoulder at the [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]] in May Wor...
4: ...be cooked in large brick or metal ovens specially designed for that purpose.
6: ...lling is barbecuing except when it means double-sided frying with something like a [[sandwich toaster]...
8: ...ich is frowned upon by purists in some areas. The device used for cooking barbecue can usually be used...
10: ...barbecue" restaurants, but nevertheless many consider this to be a distinct cooking process called smo... - List of popes (77758 bytes)
4: ...s]], and there have been either 265 or 266 popes, depending on whether a source counts [[#Notes on num...
6: ...] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus Servorum Dei|Servant of the Servants of God]].''
12: {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse"
29: | <small>Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day ([[SS Peter & Paul]]) [[29 June]]...
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23 September]]</small> - Pope Paul I (2040 bytes)
1: ...]], [[767]]. He first appears as a [[Rome|Roman]] deacon and was frequently employed by his brother, [...
3: ...latter held the cities of [[Imola]], [[Osimo]], [[Bologna]], and [[Ancona]], which were claimed by [[Rome]]...
5: ...rius, and Paul accomplished nothing by his double-dealing. Later, however, Pepin gave the pope some su...
12: Predecessor=[[Pope Stephen III|Stephen III]]| - Pope John X (1367 bytes)
1: ...ose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of [[Ravenna]].
3: ...Lando|Lando]]. Like [[Pope John IX|John IX]] he endeavoured to secure himself against his temporal ene...
5: ...n the banks of the [[Garigliano]]. The defeat and death of Berengar through the combination of the Ita...
8: Predecessor=[[Pope Lando|Lando]]| - Leonardo da Vinci (25889 bytes)
2: ... for designing many inventions that anticipated modern technology but were rarely constructed in his l...
7: .... It has also been suggested, albeit on scanty evidence, that she was a [[Middle East|Middle Eastern]]...
9: As he was born before modern naming conventions developed in [[Europe]], his full name was "Leonardo...
11: ...s father soon showed them to the painter [[Andrea del Verrocchio]], who subsequently took on the fourt...
12: ...ntellect that whatever he turned his mind to he made himself master of with ease" ([[Giorgio Vasari|Va... - Petrarch (10447 bytes)
1: ... c. 1450. Detached fresco. 247 x 153 cm. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy. Artist: Andrea di Bar...
3: .... Petrarch and [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] are considered the fathers of the [[Renaissance]].
6: ...ism. He studied at [[Montpelier]] (1316-20) and [[Bologna]] (1320-26), where his father insisted he study t...
8: ...e antiquity to be given this honor. He traveled widely in Europe and served as an ambassador. He was ...
10: ...ience itself. Therefore, April 26th, 1336 is regarded as the "birthday of [[alpinism]]", and Petrarch ... - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...ntal starting point of modern [[astronomy]] and modern science itself, (it inaugurated the [[scientifi...
7: ...cus_00125w.jpg||thumb|250px|Copernicus Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
8: ...raised him and his three other siblings after the death of Copernicus' father. His brother Andrew beca...
10: ...[[law]] and [[medicine]] at the universities of [[Bologna]] and [[Padua]]. His uncle financed his education...
12: ... together with Domenico Novara, are recorded in ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium''. - Regions of Italy (3031 bytes)
1: ...the principles and laws establishing autonomy and decentralization.
2: [[Image:TF7_4_0499W.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
3: ...o resign if it fails to retain the council's confidence. Regional governments are thus analogous in st...
5: ...g greater powers and autonomy. The regions are headed by a Commissioner who serves to co-ordinate the ...
7: ...councils and ''giunte'' headed by provincial presidents or communal mayors. - Palermo (10618 bytes)
6: ...its fine natural harbour. Palermo is widely considered to be the most conquered city in the world, as...
8: ...man Empire]] was split, Sicily and Palermo came under the rule of the Eastern [[Byzantine Empire|Byzan...
10: ... the Muslim period Palermo was a major city of trade, culture and learning, with (it is said) more tha...
12: ...n in the Palatine Chapel, the church San Giovanni degli Eremiti and the Zisa. [http://sights.seindal.d...
14: ...Angevin]] rule ([[1266]]-[[1282]]), Sicily came under the house of [[Aragon]] and later, in ([[1479]])... - Rome (33048 bytes)
2: ...ackground: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
6: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
12: |align="center" width="140px"|City [[Seal (device)|seal]]
15: |align="center" colspan=2 style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;"|<small>City [[motto]]: '...
17: |Founded|| [[21 April]][[753 BC]] mythical,<br> [[1st mil... - Sebastiano Serlio (4494 bytes)
1: ...nebleau. Serlio helped canonize the [[classical order]]s of architecture in his influential treatise, ...
3: Serlio went from Bologna to Rome in 1514, and worked in the atelier of [[B...
4: ...oChurchFacade.jpg|thumb|right|Serlio's church facade of 1537 crystallized a format that lasted into th...
6: ... Maria Novella]] in Florence (''ca.'' 1458). The idea was in the air in the 1530s: several contemporar...
8: ...ⴥau of Fontainebleau]], where a team of Italian designers and craftsmen were assembled. Serlio took ... - Leone Battista Alberti (5967 bytes)
1: ...eral [[Renaissance]] [[polymath]] . His life was described in [[Giorgio Vasari]]'s ''Vite''. In [[Ita...
3: ...He was educated in [[law]] at the [[University of Bologna]]. Alberti embarked on a tour of Europe in his mi...
8: Alberti made a variety of contributions to several fields:
10: ...leschi]]. He also wrote works on [[sculpture]], ''De Statua''.
11: ...tieth year, entitled ''Philodoxius,'' would later deceive the younger [[Aldus Manutius]], who edited a... - Lorenzo de' Medici (6381 bytes)
2: '''Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici''' ([[January 1]], [[1449]] – [[8 A...
4: ...owever, he was also a very religious man, one who deeply loved his country.
8: ...er [[Piero di Cosimo de' Medici|Piero 'the Gouty' de' Medici]] in 1469, when Lorenzo was just twenty.
10: ... and his brother and co-ruler [[Giuliano di Piero de' Medici|Giuliano]] in the cathedral of Florence, ...
12: ... Naples|Alfonso, Duke of Calabria]], promptly invaded. - Urban planning (12224 bytes)
1: ... of the [[Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne]].
3: ... distribution in an area already built-up or intended to become built-up.
6: ...lley civilization]] is recognized as having first developed urban planning.
8: ... A river usually flows through the city, to provide water and transport, and carry away sewage, even ...
11: ... planned new settlements. There are also unending debates about the benefits of mixing tenures and lan... - Aegean civilization (41260 bytes)
2: ... [[1876]]. However, subsequent discoveries have made it clear that Mycenae was not its chief center of...
7: ...s was shown to be untrue. The Aegean civilization developed three distinctive features.
11: ...ipt, but an earlier script [[Linear A]] remains undeciphered.
21: ...ater oblongs are entered from a long side and divided longitudinally by pillars.
23: ...ype see [[Crete]]. In spite of many comparisons made with [[Egyptian]], [[Babylonian]] and [[Hittite]]... - Roman law (15349 bytes)
2: ...[[530]]). Roman law as preserved in Justinian's codes became the basis of legal practice in the [[Byza...
4: ...glish and North American [[Common law]] owes some debt to Roman law although Roman law exercised much ...
8: ...law. However, the largest part seems to have been dedicated to [[private law]] and [[civil procedure]]...
10: ...[286 BC]], which may be regarded as the root of modern [[tort law]]. However, Rome�s most important ...
12: ...iend of [[Marcus Tullius Cicero]]. This, Rome had developed a very sophisticated legal system and a re...
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