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- History of philosophy (13862 bytes)
1: ...premise]]s and approaches, examples of which include [[rationalism]] (through [[logic]]), [[empiricism...
7: ...odern" is a word with more varied use, which includes everything from [[Post-Medieval]] through the sp...
10: ...ents were [[Anaximenes of Miletus]] and [[Anaximander]] ("All is air").
12: ... parts), the [[Eleatic School|Eleatics]] [[Parmenides]] and [[Zeno of Elea|Zeno]] (All is One and chan...
14: ... the subjects and methods of debate became highly developed. - Joan of Arc (27453 bytes)
1: ... between [[1450]] and [[1500]] (Centre Historique des Archives Nationales, [[Paris]], AE II 2490).]]
2: ...[[20th century]]; currently being a focus of considerable interest in the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[C...
7: ...e River|Meuse]] to [[Jacques D'Arc]] and Isabelle de Vouthon, a [[peasant]] family later granted [[nob...
11: ...mb|''Jeanne d' Arc'' by Eugene Thirion ([[1876]]) depicts Joan's awe upon receiving a vision from the ...
12: ...lies to the city of [[Orl顮s]], which had been under siege by the English since the previous October.... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...he scientific revolution was the publication of ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' by [[Nicolaus ...
3: ...nly were there major theoretical and experimental developments, but even more importantly, the way in ...
7: ...as; some of the rancor and cross-purposes in such debates may arise from lack of recognition of these ...
9: ...tially as it is understood and practiced in the modern world; there is no concern here with "other nar...
15: ... (This and Galen's anatomy, though largely superseded by later work, are none the less important contr... - Science (19868 bytes)
8: ...ce in terms of [[ontology]]: science attempts to identify what "things" in the world, their causal pow...
10: ...the empiricist tradition, we must be careful to understand that "prediction" refers to the outcome of ...
12: ...used interchangeably. Both have been subjected to devastating criticisms:
14: ...demonstrated the impossibility of a theory-independent observation language, so the very notion of tes...
15: ...steady accumulation of facts, as the empiricist model implies. - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: Modern [[science]] is a body of verifiable [[empirical...
4: ... change is considered to be so fundamental that older inquiries are known as ''pre-scientific''. Still...
6: ...] concerns the [[Creativity|creative]] process of designing useful objects and systems, which differs ...
11: ...mphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-free.
13: ...e, and that there can be [[demarcation problem|no demarcation]] between science and any other form of ... - Aviation history (39698 bytes)
3: ...[The Bible]]. Nevertheless, it exemplifies man's desire to fly.
5: ...rping the planes' wings ([[Wright brothers]]). Modern planes are controlled by [[computer]]s, which c...
15: ... also sketched designs for a helicopter, but this design would not have flown.
17: ... for powered flight until the [[gasoline]] engine designed by the Wright Brothers.
19: ...d understanding of the relationship between altitude and the atmosphere. - Aristotle (37648 bytes)
4: ...osopher]]. Along with [[Plato]], he is often considered to be one of the two most influential philosop...
8: ...dialogue ''[[Phaedrus (Plato)|Phaedrus]]''. His ideas are therefore known to us only indirectly, thro...
10: ...can be called, with qualification, an [[idealism|idealist]] and a [[rationalism|rationalist]].
12: ...cs'', ''[[Nicomachean Ethics]]'', ''Politics'', ''De Anima (On the Soul)'' and ''[[Poetics]]''.
14: ...hology]], [[rhetoric]] and [[theology]]. He also dealt with [[education]], foreign customs, [[literat... - Religion (72319 bytes)
1: ...onship with the universe. In the course of the [[development of religion]], it has taken a huge numbe...
2: ...is used to designate what should be more properly described as a "religious organization" – that...
5: ...ht|Fishers of men; Oil on panel by [[Adriaen van de Venne]] ([[1614]])]]
10: ...e. The second interpretation, favoured by more modern scholars such as [[Tom Harpur]], is ''re + ligi...
12: ===Defining "religion"=== - List of popes (77758 bytes)
4: ...s]], and there have been either 265 or 266 popes, depending on whether a source counts [[#Notes on num...
6: ...] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus Servorum Dei|Servant of the Servants of God]].''
12: {| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse"
29: | <small>Executed by crucifixion upside-down; feast day ([[SS Peter & Paul]]) [[29 June]]...
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23 September]]</small> - List of people associated with the French Revolution (16148 bytes)
2: ...opponents of the revolution. It attempts to give identifying facts and ultimate fates. ''As a rule, th...
6: *[[Pierre François Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione|Charles Pierre François Augereau]] -...
10: ...e]] who administered the [[Tennis Court Oath]], made mayor of [[Paris]] after the [[storming of the Ba...
11: ...dor|Thermidorian]], finally the main executive leader during the [[French Directory|Directory]] regime
14: ... Jules Bernadotte]] - General, later king of [[Sweden]] - Hundred Years' War (30012 bytes)
3: ...ch unit" that was both battlefield and prize (Braudel 1984 p. 353).
5: ...the roles of nobles and peasants, and overall key developments in the early growth of nations and new ...
8: ...t]] of [[1066]], defeating the [[Anglo-Saxon]] leadership and installing a new [[Anglo-Norman]] power ...
10: ... desire to re-take a former kingdom, and personal desires on the part of the nobility to gain wealth a...
13: ...Philip IV]] died, leaving three male heirs. The eldest son, [[Louis X of France|Louis X]], died in [[1... - Albert Einstein (43065 bytes)
3: ... and [[physical cosmology|cosmology]]. He was awarded the [[1921]] [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Priz...
5: ...or a scientist. In his later years, his fame exceeded that of any other scientist in [[history of scie...
7: ... day Einstein receives popular recognition unprecedented for a scientist.
14: ...y was [[Jew]]ish (and non-observant); Albert attended a [[Catholic school|Catholic elementary school]]...
16: ...ct. Another, more recent, theory about his mental development is that he had [[Asperger's syndrome]], ... - Agnosticism (14359 bytes)
1: ...nconvinced or noncommittal about the existence of deities as well as other matters of [[religion]]. Th...
8: ...t he was an agnostic, but this remains subject to debate.
12: ... by Huxley to sum up his thoughts on contemporary developments of metaphysics about the "unconditioned...
14: ...o wonderful as the conservation of force or the indestructibility of matter"..
18: ... the human intellect flounders at once out of its depth.".. - Philosophy (30964 bytes)
1: ...a philosophical question that philosophers have understood and treated differently through the ages.
3: '''Philosophy''' can mean the academic exploration of various questions raised by phi...
5: ...assifed by time period (e.g. ancient, medieval, modern, contemporary, et al.), geography (e.g. Contine...
9: ...ature of these concepts--questions typically outside the scope of science. Several major works of pos...
11: *What is truth? How or why do we identify a statement as correct or false, and how do ... - Bill Clinton (59225 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=William Jefferson Clinton
4: | order=42nd President
7: | preceded=[[George H. W. Bush]]
8: | succeeded=[[George W. Bush]]
11: | dead=alive - March 21 (10586 bytes)
6: *[[1788]] - A [[fire]] destroys 856 buildings in [[New Orleans]] and leaves...
7: ...]] with a temporary [[Papal Tiara|papal tiara]] made of [[papier-m⣨靝.
9: *[[1804]] - [[Napoleonic code|Code Napol鯮]] was adopted as [[France|French]] [[civ...
19: ...en fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180
20: *[[1963]] - [[Alcatraz]], a federal [[penitentiary]] on an island in [[San Francis... - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
1: ...|English]] [[alphabet]]ical [[transliteration]] order (by [[surname]]).
29: *[[Alexander Anderson (mathematician)|Alexander Anderson]] (Scotland, [[1582]] - [[1620]])
30: *[[Adolf Anderssen]] (Germany, [[1818]] - [[1879]])
36: *[[Archimedes]] (Syracuse, [[287 BC|287 B.C.]] - [[212 BC|212 ...
52: *[[Claude Gaspard Bachet de M麩riac]] (France, [[1581]] - [[1638]]) - Tobacco smoking (36030 bytes)
2: ...ly [[lung cancer]], [[emphysema]], and other disorders.
4: ...alth hazards of smoking, the practice has rapidly declined in recent years in the [[United States]], [...
8: ..."as addictive as heroin or cocaine."{{fn|1}} Dependence is strongest when tobacco smoke is inhaled int...
10: ...s balanced by its immediate rewards, while others deny the risks altogether.
13: ...co was used as an all-purpose medicine, and was widely believed to have magical powers, It was also bu... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
23: *[[Adelard of Bath]], (12th century){{fn|C}}
26: *[[Aedesius]], (d. 355)
27: *[[Aenesidemus]], (1st century BC){{fn|R}}
37: *[[Alain de Lille]], (c. 1128-1202)
44: *[[Alcibiades]], (c. 450-404 BC) - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ...alta by [[Napoleon]]. The '''Sovereign Military Order of Malta''' (see below) is the main successor to...
5: ...de horses on the condition that they ride with wooden saddles and unornamented girths. Ironically, El ...
7: ... who made it to Jerusalem but the order soon extended into providing an armed escort to pilgrims. The ...
9: ...iwick]]s, which in turn were divided into [[commanderies]].
13: === Knights of Rhodes ===
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