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- Great Pyramid of Giza (20454 bytes)
1: ...Pharaoh]] [[Khufu (pharaoh)|Khufu]] (also known under his Greek name ''Cheops''), after whom it is oft...
9: ... in the [[Giza Necropolis]] on the outskirts of modern [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]].
15: ...440 Old Royal Cubits (230.5 m). Today each side has a length of approximately 227.5 m. The r...
17: ...re based on true North, not magnetic North. The sides of the pyramid rise at an angle of approximately...
22: ... was removed by an Arab [[Sultan]] in 1356CE in order to build mosques and fortresses in nearby Cairo. - Chemistry (12553 bytes)
3: ...thumb|200px|Chemistry Flask Clipart .Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
9: Chemistry typically is divided into several major sub-disciplines. There are al...
11: ...the [[analysis]] of material samples to gain an understanding of their [[chemical composition]] and [[...
19: ...physical chemists. Important areas of study include [[chemical thermodynamics]], [[chemical kinetics]...
28: ...for naming [[chemical compound]]s. There are well-defined systems in place for naming chemical species... - Time zone (34024 bytes)
2: ... [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]]s of a [[longitude]] that is a multiple of 15? thus making neighbori...
6: ...'s atomically measured time as distinct from time determined by astronomical observation as formerly c...
8: ...00 UTC on the last Sunday in March. For the remainder of the year local time is UTC + 1—known in...
13: *[[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]]: UTC + 1 (e.g. if it is 12:00 UTC, then it is ...
18: ...ment for time zones results in a time the other side of midnight from UTC, then the date at the locati... - Geometry (3634 bytes)
1: ...per cent. The [[Rhind Mathematical Papyrus]] also describes one of the earliest attempts at [[squaring...
3: ... but can be used in conjunction with mathematical definitions for [[point (geometry)|points]], [[line_...
5: ...truct new geometries other than the standard Euclidean version.
7: ...in geometry is that of ''congruence''. In [[Euclidean geometry]], two figures are said to be [[congru...
9: ...s)|group]] of transformations to work with (Euclidean geometry uses the inhomogeneous orthogonal tran... - Galileo Galilei (33761 bytes)
2: ... [[Johannes Kepler]]. The work of Galileo is considered to be a significant break from that of [[Arist...
7: ...610]]. During this time he explored science and made many landmark discoveries.
10: ...ion. These are the primary justifications for his description as "father of science."
12: ...00s]]. According to Koyré¬ the law was arrived at deductively, and the experiments were merely illustr...
14: ... rolling balls) were replicated using the methods described by Galileo (Settle, 1961), and the precisi... - Archimedes (13735 bytes)
1: ...etribution.) Some math historians consider Archimedes to be one of history's greatest mathematicians, ...
4: ...ented the [[irrigation]] device known as [[Archimedes' screw]].
6: ...inst the invading Romans was the [[claw of Archimedes]].
8: ...wooden ship with a variety of mirrors, they concluded that the enemy ships would have had to be virtua...
10: Archimedes was killed in Syracuse by a Roman soldier in 212... - Maya numerals (1506 bytes)
5: The numerals are made up of three symbols; zero (shell shape), one (a d...
11: ...lyphs. The face glyph for a number represents the deity associated with the number. These face number ...
14: ...[year]]. (Some hypothesize that this was an early approximation to the number of days in the solar year, although... - Mathematician (9627 bytes)
5: ...]]s, many of them devoted to mathematics and many devoted to subjects to which mathematics is applied ...
13: ...lled [[axiom]]s, and then proceed to prove other ideas ([[theorem]]s) that follow from the assumptions...
21: ... to transcend the context of the human mind; the idea that "2+2=4 is a true statement" is assumed to e...
23: ...s are "static" - once a statement achieves the lauded position of a theorem, it remains true forever. ...
27: ... mathematicians|amateur mathematician]] who has made important contributions to the field. - Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
4: ...chus. However, his synthesis of astronomy superseded Hipparchus's work: although Hipparchus wrote at ...
8: ...eographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural History|Naturalis histor...
10: ...cient history|ancient]] district [[Bithynia]], (modern-day [[İznik, Turkey|İznik]] in provin...
14: ...was calculated by [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre|Delambre]], based on clues in his work. Hipparchus ...
16: ...ts. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia that bear his name and ... - Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
3: ...chus. However, his synthesis of astronomy superseded Hipparchus's work: although Hipparchus wrote at ...
7: ...eographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural History|Naturalis histor...
9: ...cient history|ancient]] district [[Bithynia]], (modern-day [[İznik, Turkey|İznik]] in provin...
13: ...was calculated by [[Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre|Delambre]], based on clues in his work. Hipparchus ...
15: ...ts. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia that bear his name and ... - Golden Ratio (15928 bytes)
1: ...l ratio. For the [[Aristotelian]] concept of "golden mean" see [[Nicomachean Ethics]].''
3: ...he '''golden mean''', '''golden section''', '''golden number''' or '''divine proportion'''.
5: ...asus of Metapontum]]. [[Euclid]] spoke of the "golden mean" this way, "A straight line is said to hav...
7: The golden ratio is typically symbolized by the [[Greek alp...
13: ...ong believed to have used the golden ratio in his designs. - Temperature record (5617 bytes)
1: ...cularly during the current [[Holocene]] epoch. Older time periods are studied by [[paleoclimatology]]...
8: The most detailed information exists since [[1850]], when met...
13: ... since 1979. Ballon measurements begin to show an approximation of global coverage in the 1950's.
20: ...reconstruction of the last 2000 years have been made for the northern hemisphere. [http://www.grida.no...
29: ...n between [[Tibet]] and [[Iceland]], with some evidence suggesting a global change. The result was a ... - Energy (16265 bytes)
1: ...jects, the concept of energy came to embrace the idea of the potential for change as well as change it...
3: ...ding a 50 pound weight, the presence of energy needed to do so may not be observable. However, if you ...
5: ...of energy that are not easily measured by the unaided observer.
15: ...the same dimension and this is not a simple coincidence: a torque of 1 newton-metre applied on 1 radia...
21: ...ry units|US units]] for both energy and work include the [[foot-pound]] (1.3558 J), the [[British... - Gregor Mendel (6112 bytes)
1: {{redirect|Mendel}}
2: [[image:mendel.png|frame|right|Gregor Johann Mendel]]
3: ... of the 20th century, when its significance was understood for the first time.
6: ...-memorial-plaque.jpg|right|thumb|Johann Gregor Mendel - memorial plaque in Olomouc]]
8: ...del worked as a gardener, and as a young man attended the Philosophical Institute in [[Olomouc]]. In 1... - North Pole (13759 bytes)
3: ...net's North Pole. [[Earth]]'s Pole, however it is defined, lies in the [[Arctic Ocean]].
5: ==Defining North Poles in astronomy==
6:
8: For the magnetic poles, their names are decided upon by the direction that their field lines eme...
14: ...de lies the ''trailing pole''. Io can thus be divided into north and south hemispheres, into pro- and ... - Wind (17871 bytes)
6: ...s and are essentially unpredictable, such as dust devils and microbursts.
16: ...ion patterns]]. These include the [[Trade wind|Trade Winds]], the Westerlies, the Polar Easterlies, an...
20: ...r "track," and thus the phrase "the wind blows trade," that is to say, on track.
22: .... At about 30°N/S latitude, the air cools and descends. It then begins its journey back to the equ...
24: ...he Trades feed into the Westerlies, and thus provide a continuous zone of wind for ships travelling be... - Climatology (2439 bytes)
7: ...tic process]] but this is generally accepted as a approximation to processes that are otherwise too complicated t...
11: ... [[Edmund Halley]], who published a map of the trade winds in [[1686]], after a voyage to the [[southe...
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