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- Cartography (10500 bytes)
1: ...s into one of three main types; [[computer-aided design |CAD]], [[geographic information system | GIS...
7: ... map dates from the [[5th millennium BCE]]. The oldest maps emphasized topological relationships such ...
9: ...flooding of the [[Nile]] obscured the property borders.
11: ...rence of the earth to within 15 per cent of the modern-day accepted value.
13: ...le]] later provided arguments in support of this idea. Those arguments can be summarized as follows: - 2006 (7939 bytes)
5: | align="center" colspan=2 | <small>'''[[Decades]]:'''</small> <br> [[1970s]] [[1980s]] [[1990s]...
11: ...nday]] of the [[Gregorian calendar]]. It has been designated:
12: * The ''International Year of [[Deserts]] and [[Desertification]]''
14: ...Austrian composer ''Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart''.
19: ...[[January 1]] - Deadline by which the small remainder of non-metric road distance signs in the [[Repub... - Sundial (16148 bytes)
7: ...en designs, such as the 'ordinary' or standard garden sundial, cast a shadow on a flat surface marked ...
9: However, sundials can be designed for any surface where a fixed object casts ...
11: Most sundial designs indicate [[solar time|apparent solar time]].
12: Minor design variations can measure standard and daylight ...
14: Sundials are known from ancient Egypt, and were developed further by other cultures, including the [... - Clock (10086 bytes)
2: ... is called a [[chronometer]]. The clock in its modern form (24 hour clock) has been in use since at l...
12: It may also be used to ''control'' a device according to time, e.g. an alarm clock, a [[V...
14: ...hronized processing. (A few research projects are developing CPUs based on [[asynchronous circuit]]s)....
16: ===Ideal uses===
18: ...be circular. An ideal clock is more appropriately defined in relationship to the set of all physical p... - Seismograph (4037 bytes)
6: ...cord both S and P waves, but those on the other side of the Earth can only record P waves.
10: ==Design==
12: ...o the mass, an amplifying device, and a recording device.
18: A popular modern design uses strain-beam accelerometers constructed a...
20: ...r amateurs, a PC with a recording sound card provides a computer with an inexpensive analog-to-digital... - Computer (32773 bytes)
3: ...mputer program|programming]]) a computer can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of ...
4: The discipline which studies the theory, design, and application of computers is called '''[...
8: ...s, photons, quantum particles or any other well-understood physical phenomenon. Although computers ha...
10: .... For example, electron flows might be used to model the flow of water in a dam. Such ''[[analog sig...
12: ...is first translated into mathematical terms by rendering all relevant information into the [[binary]] ... - Computer hardware (4023 bytes)
1: ...ns or operates on, and the [[software]] that provides instructions for the hardware to accomplish task...
4: ...omputer ([[personal computer]], PC) consists of a desktop or tower case ([[chassis]]) and the followin...
14: ...e controllers, of [[Integrated Drive Electronics|IDE]], [[SCSI]] or other type, that control [[hard di...
15: * [[graphics card|video display controller]] that produces the output fo...
16: ...o connect the computer to external [[peripheral]] devices such as [[computer printer|printer]]s or [[i... - Capacitor (29664 bytes)
2: ...ade of metal) stacked or rolled to form a compact device, but '''every''' multi-[[conductor]] [[geomet...
7: ... but opposite charge, the ''total'' charge in the device is always zero.
22: ...cumulates on the plates of a capacitor, a voltage develops across the capacitor due to the electric fi...
30: For an ideal capacitor, the capacitor [[current]] is proport...
45: ...rs are usually specified such as 5 or 10%, or broader ranges for some types. Adjustable versions have ... - Astrolabe (4446 bytes)
4: ...he sun; determining local time given local longitude, and vice-versa; and surveying and triangulation.
6: ... Lisbon, which improved on the accuracy of its wooden [[Arabian]] precursors.
8: ...and may be marked with a scale of [[declination | declinations]].
10: ...The astrolabe is therefore a predecessor of the modern [[planisphere]].
12: ...ighted along its length, so that the altitude (in degrees) of the star could be read ("taken") from th... - Modem (21628 bytes)
1: ...e a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital [[data]].
3: ...service|POTS]]), and once received on the other side, converts those sounds back into 1s and 0s.
5: ...over [[microwave]] radio links. Some microwave modems transmit more than a hundred million bits per s...
7: ... into electronic digital data streams. Optical modems routinely have data rates in excess of a billio...
9: ... of transmitting analog signals, from driven [[diode]]s to [[radio]]. - Avalanche (25211 bytes)
5: ...valanches]]. A mixture of these would be called a debris avalanche.
7: ...heir chalets under 100,000 tons of snow, 5 meters deep. The Mayor of [[Chamonix]] was charged with ma...
9: ... causing an avalanche that buried most of the invaders.
14: Critical load may be exceeded naturally by adding new snow or by rapid loading...
16: ...means. More than 90% of avalanche victims worldwide are due to avalanches triggered by the victim or ... - Gallium (9500 bytes)
2: {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right...
5: {| align="center" border="0"
26: | [[Density]], [[Mohs hardness scale|Hardness]]
45: | [[van der Waals radius]]
54: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) - Silicon (13233 bytes)
1: {{Elementbox_header | number=14 | symbol=Si | name=silicon | left=[[...
10: {{Elementbox_density_gpcm3nrt | 2.33 }}
11: {{Elementbox_densityliq_gpcm3mp | 2.57 }}
20: ...{Elementbox_oxistates | 4<br />([[amphoteric]] oxide) }}
26: {{Elementbox_vanderwaalsrad_pm | [[1 E-10 m|210]] }} - Computer display (4276 bytes)
1: ... other senses of "monitor" meaning "machine-level debugger" or "thread synchronization mechanism". Com...
6: * [[Cathode ray tube]] (CRT)
9: * [[Video projector]]
11: ...exibility: it can often handle all [[Resolution#Video_monitors|resolution]]s from 640 by 480 [[pixel]]...
13: The sharpness of a display is described by its [[dot pitch]]. In general, the low... - Film (18911 bytes)
4: ...licks'' — and most commonly ''movies''. Academics and the English-speaking international commun...
6: ...ception of motion — a psychological effect identified as [[beta movement]].
8: ...r of communication. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of [[dub...
14: ...the underlying principle became the basis for the development of [[animation]].
16: ...ored on a single [[reel]], and led quickly to the development of a [[movie projector|motion picture pr... - Space Shuttle program (41074 bytes)
2: ...esigned the External fuel tank and Morton Thiokol designed the solid rocket boosters.
4: ...erforms servicing missions. While the vehicle was designed with the capacity to recover satellites and...
6: Each shuttle was designed for a projected lifespan of 100 launches or...
10: ...t before re-entry, a task that the agency has decided is too expensive to be done without the faciliti...
12: ... after which it will be replaced by the yet-to-be-developed [[Crew Exploration Vehicle]] (CEV). - Flight simulator (9712 bytes)
1: ...Simulator.jpg|thumb|right|Interior Cockpit of a modern Flight Simulator]]
2: ...ifferent types of flight simulator range from [[video game]]s up to fullsize [[Simpit|cockpit replicas...
4: ... pilot training, disaster simulation and aircraft development.
8: ...t actually being airborne. For instance, the [[Sanders Teacher]] was a complete aircraft mounted on a ...
10: ...echanical motions, but was later enhanced to include instruments and was used by a number of countries... - Mobile phone (30513 bytes)
2: A '''mobile phone''' is a device which behaves as a normal
3: [[telephone]] whilst being able to move over a wide area (compare [[cordless phone]] which acts as a ...
4: phones allow connections to be made to the
10: ...e world's largest mobile phone manufacturers include [[Alcatel]], [[Audiovox]], [[Kyocera]] (formerly ...
14: == Worldwide deployment ==
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