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- Gastrointestinal tract (16596 bytes)
13: *[[Mouth]] (buccal cavity; includes [[salivary glands]], [[mucosa]], [[tooth|teeth]]...
16: *[[Stomach]], which includes the [[antrum]] and [[pylorus]]
19: ***'''[[duodenum]]'''
27: ****[[descending colon]] and [[sigmoid flexure]]
33: ...bile]] into the small intestine via the [[gallbladder]] and [[biliary system]]. The [[pancreas]] secr... - Immune system (14564 bytes)
1: ...e narrow sense, many higher organisms have organs dedicated to the maintenance of immunity, such as th...
3: It is often divided into the two sections of innate and adaptive imm...
6: .... While study of the bacterial immune system provides useful insights into immunology, higher organism...
8: ...e immune system is an organ system that acts as a defense against foreign [[pathogen]]s (such as [[vir...
11: ...rders ([[immunodeficiency]] and [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmunity]]) arise from failures of discrimin... - Kidney (12846 bytes)
1: ...:29-08-07 08a.jpg|thumb|250px|Kidney Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
7: ...] part of the [[abdomen]]. There is one on each side of the [[spine (anatomy)|spine]] just below the [...
9: ...ey usually lies slightly lower than the left in order to accommodate the [[liver]].
11: ...twelfth [[rib]]s, and each whole kidney is surrounded by two layers of fat (the perirenal fat and the ...
14: ===Structural details=== - Liver (11441 bytes)
1: ... has a number of functions in the body including detoxification, [[glycogen]] storage and [[plasma pr...
5: ...men. The liver lies [[anterior]] to the [[gallbladder]] and superior to the right [[kidney]].
9: ...of the bile ducts resemble those of a tree, and indeed the term "biliary tree" is commonly used in thi...
14: ...surface landmarks. Traditional gross anatomy divided the liver into four lobes based on surface featu...
16: ... front ([[anterior]] side) of the liver. This divides the liver into a left anatomical lobe, and a rig... - Adrenal gland (7544 bytes)
4: ...OOS2_339A.jpg|thumb|100px|Human Body Clipart provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
11: ...noradrenaline, respectively). Medullary cells are derived from the [[embryo]]nic [[neural crest]] and,...
13: ...le effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine include increased [[heart rate]], [[vasoconstriction|bloo...
20: The cortex can be divided into three distinct layers of [[biological_tissu...
28: Pregnenolone can then be either dehydrogenated to [[progesterone]] or hydroxylated t... - Pineal gland (4403 bytes)
1: ...-brain.jpg|thumb||200px|right|Brain Clip Art provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
11: ..., perivascular phagocyte, pineal neurons and peptidergic neuron-like cells.
13: ...onia, and a little animal matter. <!-- I have no idea what Gray's Anatomy means by "Animal matter" - s...
17: ... by darkness and inhibited by light. Light can be detected by the [[suprachiasmatic nucleus]] (SCN) wh...
19: ...er [[tetrapods]] and the skull orifice sealed. Modern birds and reptiles have been found to express t... - Hair (11457 bytes)
1: [[Image:Hair.jpg|right|thumb|100px|Long braided hair]]
2: ...ilamentous outgrowth of the [[epidermis (skin)|epidermis]] found in [[mammal]]s. It is a characterist...
4: ...her. Because hair is often [[pigment]]ed, it provides coloration. This might serve to [[camouflage]] ...
6: ...ice]] and [[flea]] infestation which caused the order to be given for the routine cutting of hair to a...
15: ...beings often have their [[haircut|hair cut]] or [[depilation|remove it]] by shaving or other means. - List of reference tables (55289 bytes)
1: ...ary|dictionaries]] and [[encyclopedia]]s (or an index of them, if they're scattered throughout the wor...
3: It includes listings or tabular information for quick refere...
7: ...ve come back to this page, paste the javascript code you have copied into your URL window and run it. ...
9: <!-- [[Wikipedia:Page size]] suggests not to divide lists even large.
13: ...llpadding=1 cellspacing=0 style="float: right; border-collapse: collapse"> - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: Modern [[science]] is a body of verifiable [[empirical...
4: ... change is considered to be so fundamental that older inquiries are known as ''pre-scientific''. Still...
6: ...] concerns the [[Creativity|creative]] process of designing useful objects and systems, which differs ...
11: ...mphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-free.
13: ...e, and that there can be [[demarcation problem|no demarcation]] between science and any other form of ... - Food (24212 bytes)
7: ==Legal definition==
9: ...ocessed, partially processed or unprocessed, intended to be, or reasonably expected to be ingested by ...
14: Links to official legal definitions of food:
15: ...fda.gov/opacom/laws/fdcact/fdcact1.htm US federal definition of food]
16: ...uk/acts/acts1990/Ukpga_19900016_en_2.htm#mdiv1 UK definition of food] - Cereal (6537 bytes)
2: ...igin in the Roman goddess of grain, ''[[Ceres (goddess)|Ceres]]''. [[Staple food]] grains are often c...
4: ...jpg|thumb|300px|Oats, barley, and some products made from them.]]
10: The cereal crops are (in approximate order of greatest annual production):
13: ...ica]], and [[Africa]] and of [[livestock]] worldwide; called "corn" in North America
15: ...staple food in Asia and Africa and popular worldwide for livestock - Carnivorous plant (44834 bytes)
1: ...e ]]A '''carnivorous plant''' is a [[plant]] that derives some or most of its
16: *Bladder traps, which suck in prey with a bladder that generates an internal vacuum; and
22: most [[sundew]]s, whose leaves undergo rapid growth, aiding in the retention and
27: Pitfall traps have evolved independently on at least four occasions. The simplest pitf...
29: ...enus, the leaves are quite clearly evolutionarily derived from a simple - Cell biology (3658 bytes)
1: ...unction ([[physiology]]) and eventual [[apoptosis|death]]. This is done both on a [[microscope|microsc...
3: ...ese fundamental similarities and differences provide a unifying theme, allowing the principles learned...
4: ...]], [[biochemistry]], [[molecular biology]] and [[developmental biology]].
8: ...the plasma membrane, proteins destined to be degraded move back into intracellular compartments <!-- (...
17: *Proteins extracted from [[membrane]]s by [[detergent]]s and [[salt]]s. - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
3: The [[cell theory]], first developed in the [[19th century]], states that all [...
15: ...nergy stored in organic molecules. This energy is derived from [[metabolic pathway]]s.
21: ...mes (''dark blue''). The drawing on the ''right'' demonstrates how bacterial DNA is housed in a struct...
23: ...ms) that function and survive more or less independently, through ''colonial'' forms with cells living...
34: ...these primary components of the cell then briefly describe their function. - Ribosome (4897 bytes)
1: ...cating small subunit (A) and large subunit (B). Side and front view. <br/><small>(1) Head. (2) Platfor...
3: ...genetics)|translates]] [[mRNA]] into a [[polypeptide]] chain (e.g., a [[protein]]).
7: ...nthesis, and that one aspect of the process, peptide transfer, can occur in the presence of rRNA alone...
10: ...999]], the conference was held in [[Elsinore]], [[Denmark]]. The [[2002]] conference was held in [[Que...
19: ... the ER, from where they are transported to their destinations. Bound ribosomes usually produce protei... - Endoplasmic reticulum (5319 bytes)
21: ...tions from the nucleus). Their rough appearance under electron microscopy led to their being called ro...
26: ...he coarse ER manufactures and transports proteins destined for membranes and secretion.
32: ...oxification of the cell (enzymes in the smooth ER detoxify chemicals), and [[calcium]] storage. It als...
43: Correct folding of newly made proteins is made possible by several ER proteins including: [[PDI]...
44: Only properly folded proteins are transported from the RER to the [[G... - Vacuole (5544 bytes)
1: ...cell size. The cavity that is the vacuole is considered nonprotoplasmic and the contents classified as...
4: ...s in different organisms and these functions include the capture of food, the maintenance of internal ...
6: ...ach of these functions in different organisms are described below.
14: ... more than 80% of the cell interior. It is surrounded by a membrane, called the '''tonoplast'''.
15: ...uoles may vary in different tissues and stages of development. [[vascular cambium|Cambium]] cells, for... - Peroxisome (2015 bytes)
1: ...cell). Peroxisomes were discovered by [[Christian de Duve]] in [[1965]]. Unlike [[lysosome]]s, which a...
4: ...ell of toxic substances, such as [[hydrogen peroxide]], or other [[metabolite]]s and contain [[enzyme]...
5: ...nverts H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (hydrogen peroxide, a toxic byproduct of [[cellular metabolism]]) to...
9: Peroxisomes also degrade fatty acids and toxic compounds and catalyze the ... - Evolution (27661 bytes)
3: ...[[genetics]] in the [[1940s]], evolution has been defined more specifically as a change in the frequen...
6: ...e the [[modern evolutionary synthesis]]. In the modern synthesis, "evolution" means a change in the fr...
8: ...share a common ancestor. It also is often used to describe the mechanisms through which evolution acts...
12: The theory underlying the modern synthesis has three major aspects:
14: # The [[common descent]] of all [[organism]]s from a single ancesto... - DNA (29095 bytes)
1: ...paceFilling.jpg|thumb|right|125px|Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule]]
3: ...specifying the [[developmental biology|biological development]] of all cellular forms of [[life]] (and...
8: ... may be a precursor to a generation of electronic devices and computers, but what are the electronic p...
10: ...ning that this is not necessarily a very accurate description, and that it's only meant as a generic o...
12: ...m not saying is happening here) is also to be avoided. --[[User:Lexor|Lexor]]|[[User talk:Lexor|Talk]]
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