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- Sargon of Akkad (2071 bytes)
1: ...what is present-day [[Turkey]]. His capital was [[Akkad]].
4: ...rian king list]] as the son of Ikunum and the founder of a dynasty.
6: ...d appears to be lost at this point; presumably it describes how Sargon becomes king).
8: ... is the successor to Lugal-zage-si and is the founder of a new dynasty; his sons are [[Rimush]] and [[...
10: ...aughter was [[Enheduanna]], the author of several Akkadian hymns.
Page text matches
- Mesopotamia (2719 bytes)
2: ...ding lowland territories bounded by the [[Arabian Desert]] to the west and south, the [[Persian Gulf]]...
6: ...eoples who threatened or invaded these lands include the [[Hittites]] and the [[Elamite Empire|Elamite...
18: Early cities in this region include:
19: ...:Mesopotamia_2.jpg|thumb|350px|Writing|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
26: * [[Akkad]] - Cuneiform script (7588 bytes)
4: ...dapted for the writing of the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Elamite language|Elamite]], [[Hittite lan...
6: ==Development==
7: ...tating counter-clockwise all of the pictograms 90° in the process), and a new wedge-tipped stylus ...
9: ...iform tablets could be fired in [[kiln]]s to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if ...
11: ...ssyria]]ns to write their own languages and was widely used in [[Mesopotamia]] for about 3000 years, t... - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
1: ...]], is named after the [[Roman mythology|Roman goddess]] [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]]. A [[terrestrial...
5: ...r: a circle with a small cross underneath ([[Unicode]]: ♀).
7: ...m [[Cythera]]. Other less common adjectives include ''Venerean'' and ''Veneran''.
14: ...ficantly between the night and day sides of Venus despite its extremely slow rotation (less than one r...
16: ...quite similar to Earth. A common conceptual misunderstanding regarding Venus is the mistaken belief t... - History of Sumer (5370 bytes)
8: ...in [[Mesilim]], king of Kish, who arbitrated a border dispute between [[Lugal-shag-engur]], high pries...
10: ...ceeded his father, Meskalamdug. Mesannepada also defeated Uruk and Kish, thereafter calling himself b...
14: ...yx plates. These were "booty" dedicated to the goddess ''Bau''. One inscription states that ships of ...
17: ..., that had to be paid into the treasury of the goddess Nina and the god [[Ingurisa]].
19: ...agash over Enakalle of Umma. On this, various incidents in the war are represented. In one scene, the ... - Akkadian language (3224 bytes)
2: '''Akkadian''' was a language of the [[Semitic languages|S...
6: ...n (''lišānum akkadītum'') is divided into dialects based on geography and time.
8: * 2500 – 1950 Old Akkadian
16: ...nction, however, though not originally present in Akkadian, was adopted rapidly as compensation for the d...
21: ...ender|genders]] (masculine and feminine), three [[Declension|cases]] ([[nominative]], [[Accusative cas... - History of the Kurds (8244 bytes)
3: ... original Mitanni leadership. However, Kurds consider themselves as much Indo-European as they do any ...
5: ...they seem to have preserved a more-or-less independent political position.
7: ... fall of Nineveh the Gutii coalesced with the [[Mede]]s, and, in common with all the nations inhabitin...
9: ...ing men to his successors, being thus mentioned under the names of "Saspirians" and "Alarodians" in th...
11: ... Gutii", was traditionally believed to be the founder of the Gurans, the principal tribe of southern [... - Babylonia (8254 bytes)
2: ... be found in a tablet of the reign of [[Sargon of Akkad]], dating back to the [[23rd century BC]].
5: ...He was a highly efficient ruler, famous for the code of laws that he laid down, and he gave the region...
7: ...e]] dynasty. Its cities continued for 100 years under different foreign rulers. Then, for some 500 yea...
11: ...ldean the following year. With help from the [[Medes]], [[Niniveh]] was sacked in 612, and the seat o...
13: ...on|Nebuchadnezzar II]], whose reign of 43 years made Babylon once more the mistress of the civilized w... - Babylon (9716 bytes)
4: ...name is the Greek form of ''[[Babel]],'' which is derived in turn from the [[Semitic]] form ''bab-Illu...
8: ...tury BC]] [[short chronology|short chr.]]), who made it the capital of his empire. Over the years its ...
10: ...syrian rule under [[Mushezib-Marduk]] and again under [[Shamash-shum-ukin]] but was besieged and taken...
14: [[Image:Babylon relief.jpg|right|thumb|Detail of the Ishtar Gate]]
16: ...lder son [[Shamash-shum-ukin]], who eventually headed a revolt against his brother [[Assur-bani-pal]] ... - Ur (11926 bytes)
3: ...a temple of [[Nanna (Sumerian deity)|Nanna]], a [[deity]] in [[Sumerian mythology]], and has two stage...
9: ...city was again thriving. Ur by this time was considered sacred to [[Nanna]], the [[moon]] [[god]] in [...
11: The location of Ur was favourable for trade by sea and also by land routes into [[Arabia]]. M...
13: ...rst dynasty was ended by an attack by [[Sargon of Akkad]] around [[24th century BC|2340 BC]]. Not much is...
15: ...es the death of Ur-Nammu and his journey to the underworld. - Sumer (14409 bytes)
2: ...-[[Cuneiform (script)|cuneiform]] script may precede any other form of writing, and dates to no later ...
5: ... as compared, for example, to [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] which belongs to the [[Afro-Asiatic language...
10: ...arious [[city-state]]s, each centered on a temple dedicated to the patron [[god]] of the city and rule...
12: ...of almost incessant warfare over water rights, trade routes, and tribute from nomadic tribes.
14: ...stence is authenticated through archaeological evidence, is that of [[Enmebaragesi]] of Kish, whose na... - Chaldean mythology (2527 bytes)
2: ... '''[[Babylonia]]n mythologies''', although [[Chaldea]] did not comprehend the whole territory inhabit...
4: ..., with [[anthropomorphic]] [[deity|gods]] or [[goddess]]es representing forces or presences in the wor...
6: ...r example, [[Ishtar|Inanna]]'s descent into the underworld strikingly recalls the story of [[Persephon...
9: ...o [[An (mythology)|An]], god of heaven and Ki, goddess of Earth (commonly referred to as [[Ninhursag]]...
11: ... Enlil's banishment, he fathered three underworld deities with Ninlil, most notably [[Nergal]]. - Akkadian Empire (9189 bytes)
2: ... [[Naram-Sin]]. The date of Sargon is placed by modern scholars around [[2300 BC]] (by [[Nabonidus]] a...
4: ...ioned as being brought from [[Magan]] (probably modern [[Oman]]).
6: ...d as a god. He is even called "the god of Agade" (Akkad), reminding us of the divine honours claimed by t...
8: ...tained a high degree of excellence; two seal cylinders of the time of Sargon are among the most beauti...
10: ...omical]] observations and terrestrial omens was made for a library established by Sargon. - Sargon of Akkad (2071 bytes)
1: ...what is present-day [[Turkey]]. His capital was [[Akkad]].
4: ...rian king list]] as the son of Ikunum and the founder of a dynasty.
6: ...d appears to be lost at this point; presumably it describes how Sargon becomes king).
8: ... is the successor to Lugal-zage-si and is the founder of a new dynasty; his sons are [[Rimush]] and [[...
10: ...aughter was [[Enheduanna]], the author of several Akkadian hymns. - Sargon II of Assyria (8855 bytes)
1: ...e '''Sharru-kinu''', true king, after [[Sargon of Akkad]], a mighty king who had been found in a wicker b...
3: ...ning of his rule, Sargon made a pact with the Chaldean [[Merodach-baladan|Marduk-apla-iddin]]. He free...
6: ...red [[Gaza]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], destroyed [[Raphia]] and won a victory over Egyptian...
8: ... Kar-Nergal (Kishesim). He built new bases in [[Medes|Media]] as well, the main being Harhar and Kar-S...
12: ... (with the king still in the chariot), the latter describes how ways had to be cut into the intractabl... - Cuneiform (script) (7717 bytes)
4: ...dapted for the writing of the [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]], [[Elamite language|Elamite]], [[Hittite lan...
6: ==Development==
7: ...tating counter-clockwise all of the pictograms 90° in the process), and a new wedge-tipped stylus ...
9: ...iform tablets could be fired in [[kiln]]s to provide a permanent record, or they could be recycled if ...
11: ...ssyria]]ns to write their own languages and was widely used in [[Mesopotamia]] for about 3000 years, t... - Mari, Syria (5848 bytes)
2: ...as an ancient city in [[Syria]] situated at the modern locality of '''Tell Hariri''', on the western b...
6: ...ning of excavations, over 25,000 clay tables in [[Akkadian language]] written in [[cuneiform]] were disco...
8: ...to virgin soil, such important discoveries were made that horizontal digging had to be resumed".
12: ...eople, thought to be part of the same Eblaite and Akkadian migration.
14: ===First Golden Age=== - Timeline of Middle Eastern History (12425 bytes)
3: ...] of the [[history of the Middle East]]. For more detailed information, see [[#related articles|articl...
5: {{listdev}}
17: ...hic]] settlement in southern [[Anatolia]], is founded.
29: ...2,500 km³) of [[sea water|salt water]] is added, significantly expanding it and transforming it ...
32: ...5100 BC]] – [[Temple#Religion|Temple]]s founded in South [[Mesopotamia]] - Elamite Empire (23098 bytes)
4: ...southwestern [[Iran]]. The Elamite period is considered to last from ca. [[2700 BC]] to [[539 BC]], wi...
5: ... Empire]] that succeeded it, and may thus be considered the starting point of the [[history of Iran]].
8: ...], where they are called the offspring of Elam, eldest son of [[Shem]] (see [[Elam (Hebrew Bible)]]).
10: ...n provincial name [[Khuzestan|Khuzestān]] is derived from the Old Persian root ''Hujiyā'', w...
13: ...ndus script|Harappan pictographs]] have yet to be deciphered. Several stages of the language are attes... - Uruk (2699 bytes)
4: The modern name of Iraq is derived from the name Uruk.
6: ...bution center. In times of famine, a family might dedicate children to the temple as oblates.
8: ...ylonia at a period before the time of [[Sargon of Akkad|Sargon]]. Later it was prominent in the national ...
12: ...disappeared". Other historical kings of Uruk include Lugalzagesi of Umma (now Djokha) (who conquered U...
14: ...ed in 1954 under the direction of H. Lenzen and made systematic excavations over the following years. ... - Assyria (13688 bytes)
1: :''For the modern-day peoples in northern Iraq and neighboring ar...
3: ...ter, as a nation and Empire, it also came to include roughly the northern half of [[Mesopotamia]] (the...
8: ...as founded by Asshur the son of [[Shem]], who was deified by later generations as the city's patron go...
10: Besides Asshur, the other three royal Assyrian cities we...
12: ...Assyria as an independent kingdom was perhaps founded ca. [[1900 BC]] by Bel-kap-kapu.
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