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- Lymphatic system (6229 bytes)
4: ...id loss in the average human body is about 3L per day. The lymphatic system collects this fluid by dif...
14: ...tes circulate in the lymph and accumulate in secondary lymphoid organs, where they await recognition o...
16: ==Secondary lymphoid organs==
17: ...and [[vermiform appendix|appendix]]) are the secondary lymphoid organs. These organs contain a scaffo...
25: ...lymphocytes migrate through each lymph node every day. - Immune system (14564 bytes)
3: ...ften divided into the two sections of innate and adaptive immunity, the former encompassing unchanging...
6: ...ence. Therefore, the bacterium's DNA will not be damaged by the first enzyme because of the presence ...
15: ...ning'' to recognize non-self. For instance, the [[plasma membrane]] of every ''nucleated'' cell contains m...
18: ...ot change during the lifetime of the organism. ''Adaptive immunity'', in which the response to pathoge...
20: ...s and all [[mammal]]s have both an innate and an adaptive immune system. - Kidney (12846 bytes)
9: ...s slightly lower than the left in order to accommodate the [[liver]].
24: ...ion. Blood pressure provides the force for blood plasma to be filtered through the thin, porous epitheliu...
33: ...rson's blood pass through the kidneys 350 times a day at the rate of 1.2 litres per minute, producing ...
55: ... ions]] and [[hydroxyl|hydroxyl ions]], the blood plasma is maintained by the kidney at pH 7.4. Urine, on...
93: ...s a toxic condition characterized by abnormal and dangerously high levels of urea, creatinine, various... - Liver (11441 bytes)
1: ...uding detoxification, [[glycogen]] storage and [[plasma protein]] synthesis. It also produces [[bile]], w...
18: ...obes between the right and left. These are the caudate lobe (the more [[superior]]), and below this th...
20: ...rse fissure (or ''porta hepatis'') divides the caudate from the quadrate lobe, and the right sagittal ...
23: ...ided into a total of eight segments based on secondary and tertiary branching of the blood supply. Th...
29: |bgcolor="#eeeeee"| Caudate - Connective tissue (1646 bytes)
7: ... extracellular matrix of [[blood]] is the [[blood plasma]], which transports dissolved [[nutrient]]s, [[ho...
14: * [[Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome]] - a genetic disease causing progre... - Science (19868 bytes)
6: ...jective, empirically testable, and "predictive" — they predict empirical results that can be che...
16: ...d empiricism makes a crucial error of reasoning — the '''epistemic fallacy'''. This is the mista...
30: ...t is nevertheless conceivable that they will some day be supplanted. Younger theories such as [[string...
32: ...evidence is presented. Even the most basic and fundamental theories may turn out to be imperfect if ne...
52: ...es or replaces it in light of new observations or data. - Acrosome (814 bytes)
1: ...[acrosin]]) needed to penetrate the [[zona pellucida]] covering the [[ovum]].
4: ...released from the sperm to digest the zona pellucida and give access to the egg. - Chemistry (12553 bytes)
23: == Fundamental concepts ==
61: ..., [[valence bond theory]] and the concept of [[oxidation number]] can be used to predict molecular str...
68: ...an be continuous instead of having a discrete boundary, in this case the matter is considered to be in...
70: ...es. Less familiar phases include [[Plasma physics|plasma]]s, [[Bose-Einstein condensate]]s and [[fermionic...
84: The most fundamental concept in chemistry is the [[law of conser... - Solar system (21174 bytes)
45: ...e parent star, perhaps orbiting it in a matter of days. It has been hypothesised that while the giant...
59: The first and most fundamental of these advances was the [[Nicolaus Copern...
92: ! Day<br/>(days)
191: ! Day<br/>(days)
245: ...mes;10<sup>9</sup> [[kilometer|km]]<sup>2</sup> —about 11 times the area of the Earth's land mas... - Sun (20830 bytes)
8: ...ffc0" colspan="2" align="center" | '''Observation data'''
85: | 25.3800 [[day]]s <br>(25 d 9 h 7 min 12?8 s) [http://www.hnsky...
128: ....e. 1 light-year in ca. 1400 years, and 1 AU in 8 days.
132: ...etina]] and one's [[eyesight]].''' [[#Sun_and_eye_damage|See below for details]].
136: ...ker than its surface gravity (at the equator). Tidal effects from the planets do not significantly af... - Cell biology (3658 bytes)
3: ...ields of cell and [[molecular biology]]. These fundamental similarities and differences provide a unif...
8: ...he ER and Golgi to the plasma membrane. From the plasma membrane, proteins destined to be degraded move b... - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
21: ...e blue''), the capsule (''orange''), ribosomes (''dark blue''), and a flagellum (also ''black'').]]
39: ... surrounded by a ''plasma membrane''. A form of plasma membrane is also found in prokaryotes, but is usu...
63: ..."little organs", called [[organelle]]s, that are adapted and/or specialized for carrying out one or mo...
65: ...NA from various molecules that could accidentally damage its structure or interfere with its processin...
67: ...somes—sometimes hundreds or even thousands—can be found throughout a cell. - Pioneer 11 (5118 bytes)
7: ...or these experiments were a [[magnetometer]], a [[plasma analyzer]] (for [[solar wind]]), a [[particle det...
9: ...by Pioneer 11 on [[September 1]], [[1979]], three days before its closest encounter. The [[moon]] [[Ti...
11: ...ng generator power output. Science operations and daily [[telemetry]] ceased on [[September 30]], [[19...
21: ...eer 10 and 11 spacecraft at distances between 20–70 AU from the Sun has consistently indicated t... - Cilium (3845 bytes)
3: ...ll (biology)|cell]]. Cillia are extensions of the plasma membrane containing doublets of parallel microtub... - Cytoskeleton (4391 bytes)
9: ...a membrane, as they keep cellular shape, form cytoplasmatic protuberancies (like [[pseudopods]] and [[micr...
46: ..., and may partition plasmid DNA into the dividing daughter cells by a mechanism [[Analogy (biology)|an... - Golgi apparatus (4223 bytes)
1: ...nction is to process [[protein]]s targeted to the plasma membrane, [[lysosome]]s or endosomes and those th...
7: ...the Golgi apparatus, (12) Secretory vesicle, (13) Plasma membrane, (14) [[Exocytosis]], (15) Cytoplasm, (1...
9: ...hile the ''trans'' face is directed towards the [[plasma membrane]] (Fig. 1). The cis and trans faces have... - Endoplasmic reticulum (5319 bytes)
3: ...ase structure and composition is similar to the [[plasma membrane]], though it is an extension of the [[nu...
36: ... is present in [[muscle]] cells and is specially adapted for calcium ion storage and release. This pro...
38: ...ils]], forming triads with invaginations of the [[plasma membrane]] called [[T tubules]]. - Mitochondrion (10103 bytes)
9: ...e spectrum, the mitochondria can resemble the standard sausage-shaped organelle pictured to the right,...
11: ... encloses the organelle, serving as its outer boundary. The inner mitochondrial membrane is thrown int...
16: ...ion]] of [[epinephrine]] (adrenaline), the [[degradation]] of [[tryptophan]], and the elongation of [[...
18: ...hich is usually characteristic of [[bacteria]]l [[plasma membrane]]s.
51: ...ductase]], [[Cytochrome_c_oxidase|cytochrome c oxidase]]) that perform the transfer use the released e... - Lysosome (2936 bytes)
1: ...rolases leak into the cytosol, their potential to damage the cell will be reduced, because they will n...
10: ... invade a cell and helping repair damage to the [[plasma membrane]] by serving as a membrane patch, sealin... - Vacuole (5544 bytes)
9: ...age]]s use ''food vacuoles'' in [[phagocytosis]]—the intake of large molecules, particles, or ev...
15: ...erior more acidic which is necessary for the degradative enzymes. Even though having a single, big vac...
25: ...Protection of the plant tissue from [[predator|predation]] by storing toxic compounds.
30: ...Organelle|organelles]] are covered with multiplex plasma membranes called autophagosomes. Next, the autoph...
32: ...ted but not proven that the main component of the dancing body is [[polyphosphate]] acid. But the main...
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