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- Bagpipes (20858 bytes)
3: '''Bagpipes''' are a class of [[musical instrument]], [[aerophone]]s using enclosed [[re...
16: A bagpipe consists of an airtight bag, which can supply a continuous stream of air. Air is suppli...
18: ...ow [[oboe]]-like sound, while chanters with a conical bore will produce a louder and brighter sound.
23: ...etterpress of Donald MacDonald's Martial Music of Caledonia, written by an unknown Romantic. However, ...
35: ...wpipe, two tenor drones, and one bass drone. The scale on the chanter is [[Mixolydian_mode|mixolydian]... - November 4 (10686 bytes)
2: ...year (309th in [[leap year]]s) in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 57 days remaining.
4: {{NovemberCalendar}}
7: ... [[Eighty Years' War]]: In [[Belgium]], [[Spain]] captures [[Antwerp (city)|Antwerp]] (after three day...
10: * [[1852]] - [[Count Camillo Benso di Cavour]] became the [[prime minister]] of [[Piedmont (Italy)|Pi...
12: ... of Johnsonville]] - [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops bombard a [[United States|Un... - Toni Morrison (2576 bytes)
2: '''Toni Morrison''' is an [[African-American]] [[author]], born '''Chloe Anthony Wofford''', ...
4: In [[1965]] she became a senior editor for [[Random House]] in New Yor...
6: ...nclude Morrison's own work in the canon of [[American Literature]].
8: ... Literature]] in [[1993]], the first African-American woman to receive this prize.
12: She called [[Bill Clinton]] "the first Black president",... - Ella Fitzgerald (9400 bytes)
1: ...rald.jpeg|thumb|Ella Fitzgerald photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]], 1940]]
2: ..." improvisational ability, particularly in her [[scat singing]].
6: ...d several hit songs with them, including "(If You Can't Sing It), You'll Have to Swing It", but it was...
10: ...uite perfectly [[Marilyn Monroe]]'s voice and typical gestures, as well as [[Louis Armstrong]]'s.
12: ...ngers) toured [[Europe]] and North America, classically opening their shows with the famous Ellington'... - Aretha Franklin (7875 bytes)
2: ...eatest female vocalist ever by such industry publications/media outlets as [[Rolling Stone]] and [[VH1...
6: ...Melody."'' Though Columbia really wanted her as a jazz singer, the results never gave full rein to Frank...
8: ...tist and a symbol of pride for the [[African American]] community. Franklin said herself of this perio...
12: ...ance; she later added three more Grammies in this category in the [[1980s]].
14: ...'"Angel",'' written by her sister Carolyn which became a soul classic. - Billie Holiday (6766 bytes)
1: ...ght|thumb|<small>Billie Holiday photographed by [[Carl Van Vechten]], 1949</small>]]
3: ...a difficult childhood which affected her life and career.
7: ... of her birth; her father [[Clarence Holiday]], a jazz guitarist who would play for [[Fletcher Henderson...
9: ...rnity. This stems from a copy of her birth certificate in Baltimore archives that lists the father as ...
14: ...by [[record producer]] [[John Hammond]] at a club called Monette's (there is still some dispute among ... - Mahalia Jackson (2345 bytes)
1: ...nging in a [[Baptist]] church. She moved to [[Chicago]] in [[1927]] where she sang with [[The Johnson...
3: ...cords]] in [[1954]]. With her mainstream success came an inevitable backlash from gospel purists who ...
5: ...a downturn in her popular success. She ended her career with a concert in [[Germany]] in [[1971]]; wh... - Janis Joplin (8673 bytes)
2: ...]], [[R&B]], and [[soul music|soul]] singer and occasional [[songwriter]] with a distinctive voice. Jo...
4: ...]] and [[Big Mama Thornton]] and singing in the local [[choir]]. Joplin graduated from Jefferson High...
6: ...was a heavy [[alcoholism|drinker]] throughout her career, and her trademark beverage was [[Southern Co...
8: ... to San Francisco in [[1966]], where her bluesy vocal style saw her join [[Big Brother and The Holding...
10: ...mance, it made Joplin into one of the leading musical stars of the late Sixties. - Joni Mitchell (9996 bytes)
3: ...edominantly to [[Rock and roll|rock music]] and [[jazz]], to become one of the most highly respected [[s...
5: ...quently in coffee houses and [[folk clubs]] and became well known for her unique style of song writing...
9: ...would miss a scheduled appearance on ''[[The Dick Cavett Show]]''.) Also of interest, "For Free" is t...
11: ...piano and Appalachian dulcimer on "[[Carey (song)|Carey]]" and "[[All I Want]]". Others were piano le...
13: ...iverse, with complex vocal harmonies set with African drumming (the [[Drum|Warrior Drums]] of [[Burund... - Music (16462 bytes)
7: ==Types of Musical Instruments==
16: ...r commonly included aspects include the spatial location or the movement in space of sounds, gesture, ...
18: ... considers duration the primary aspect of music because it is the only aspect common to both "sound" a...
20: ...wood]], "We must ask whether a cross-cultural musical universal is to be found in the music itself (ei...
27: See also: [[List of musical topics]]. - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...nized sound(s). The question of what the art form called music actually consists of is something that ...
4: ...psilon;χνη)) by way of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the G...
6: Later, in Rome, ''ars musica'' embraced [[poetry]] as well as what we now thin...
8: ...a instrumentalis]]. Of those, only the last - musica instrumentalis - referred to music as performed s...
10: ... be heard - music refers strictly to the mathematical proportions. From this concept later resulted th... - Bassoon (11661 bytes)
2: ...nto itself, and split into several sections so it can be disassembled and stored. Appearing in its mod...
6: ...d rather than sections, it too consisted of a conical bore that doubled back on itself at the bottom, ...
8: ... of any instrument, but after [[Henry Purcell]]'s call for a "bassoon" in ''Dioclesian'' (1690) referr...
10: ...ation both in manufacturing techniques and acoustical knowledge made possible great improvements in th...
14: ...<font color=red>(1)</font> ({{Audio|Bassoon-technical-reed.ogg|listen}}). - Clarinet (18825 bytes)
2: The '''clarinet''' is a [[musical instrument]] in the [[woodwind]] family. The nam...
4: ...specially chosen varieties of [[wood]] or, in the case of some student instruments, composite material...
6: A person who plays the clarinet is called a [[clarinetist]].
11: ...the clarinet has the widest compass, which is showcased in much wind band and orchestral writing. Add...
15: ... C (with two ledger lines) to the G above that is called the altissimo register. The altissimo range ... - Bass clarinet (3454 bytes)
1: [[Image:Bassclarinet.jpg|right|thumb|150px|A typical Bass clarinet]]
3: The '''bass clarinet''' is a [[musical instrument]] of the [[clarinet]] family. Like st...
5: ...er along the body of the instrument. This cylindrical bore gives it the clarinet's dark tone and low p...
7: ...w E flat. Some models have an extended range and can play to a low C.
10: ...milar or identical to the [[Tuba]] part) of a musical piece, though they are sometimes given leading p... - Oboe (5230 bytes)
3: ...ian]] who plays the oboe is called an [[oboist]]. Careful manipulation of [[embouchure]] and air-press...
7: ...h other instruments. However, the advanced oboist can produce a rich, warm, and beautiful tone.
11: ...[Henry Purcell]] was the first composer to specifically score for it and [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] wro...
13: ...om B♭3 to A6, nearly three octaves. In the cases of most student instruments, the B♭3 is ...
19: [[Image:Oboe.png|left|framed|border width=0|Classical Oboe]] - Recorder (12954 bytes)
1: ...d response of the recorder -- but we could hardly call this an "embouchure". This is similar to the fu...
5: ...ned, and is not too strident in even the most musically-inept hands. It is however incorrect to assume...
7: ...the Rolling Stones]], [[Jimi Hendrix]]. Prominent jazz musician [[Keith Jarrett]] has even recorded an e...
9: ...the soprano in C (in Britain also known as the descant) which has a lowest note of c'. Above this are ...
11: ...ajor scale]] and an older one using the [[lydian scale]]. - Sarrusophone (1431 bytes)
1: ...is a [[transposing instrument|transposing]] [[musical instrument]] invented by [[Pierre-Louis Gautrot]...
5: ...le subsitute for the contrabassoon, so that it is called for in, for example, [[Maurice Ravel]]'s ''[[...
7: A very unusual example of the sarrusophone in [[jazz]] is on the [[1924]] recording by [[Clarence Will...
9: ...is now obsolete and only used as a novelty upon occasions. It had poor intonation and a sound less cle... - Saxophone (14311 bytes)
1: ...registers. This baritone saxophone, for example, can play lower notes than a tenor saxophone, and an ...
3: ...with [[popular music]], [[big band]] music, and [[jazz]], but it was originally intended as both an [[or...
9: ...t which suited his desires both tonally and technically and possessed a new level of flexibility. Thi...
11: ... or modify the instruments. After 1866 many modifications were introduced by a number of manufacturers...
14: ... chamber. The saxophone's body is effectively conical, giving it properties more similar to the [[oboe... - Alto saxophone (1789 bytes)
8: ...reat versatility and is used commonly in concert, jazz, funk, blues, pop, and rock music. - Shakuhachi (6042 bytes)
3: ...Japan]]ese [[end-blown flute]] which is held vertically like a [[recorder]] instead of being held tran...
10: ... which was roughly equal to 30.3 [[centimeters]] (ca. 0.994 of the English foot) and subdivided in ten...
14: ...izes differ, they are all still referred to generically as "shakuhachi".
16: ...atonic scale]] with no half-tones, but the player can bend each pitch as much as a whole tone or more.
18: ...ensemble music with koto and samisen, folk music, jazz, modern music.
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