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- Rio de Janeiro (14538 bytes)
1: :''This article is about the city called Rio de Janeiro. For the state with the same n...
7: ...t inside an urban region, called "Floresta da Tijuca". The current mayor is [[Cesar Maia]].
9: ... after [[S㯠Paulo]] and used to be the country's capital until 1960, when [[Bras�a]] took its place...
13: ...Guanabara was actually the mouth of a river, they called it "Rio de Janeiro", which means January Rive...
15: ...ntic]] transit of ships between Brazil, the [[Africa]]n colonies, and Europe. Fortresses were built an... - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...th higher carbon content than this are known as [[cast iron|iron]].
5: ...d alloys that can be [[plasticity (physics)|plastically]] formed (pounded, rolled, etc.).
8: ...ults in an alloy containing too much carbon to be called steel.
11: ...ub>3</sub>C. Cementite forms in regions of higher carbon content while other areas revert to ferrite a...
13: ...t cell structure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires extremely lit... - Puritan (15882 bytes)
1: The '''Puritans''' were members of a group of radical [[Protestants]] which developed in [[England]] a...
5: ...he term "Puritan" was [[Reformed]] or [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] and led to the establishment of the [[Pr...
8: ...contact with the radical reformers in [[Calvinism|Calvinist Geneva]] and [[Lutheranism|Lutheran German...
10: ...ing" of church practice through [[Holy Bible|biblical]] supremacy, and they shared, to one degree or a...
12: ...f Common Prayer]]''; the imposition of its liturgical order by legal force and inspection sharpened Pu... - Maria Theresa of Austria (8450 bytes)
4: ...and [[Bohemia]] from [[1740]] to [[1780]]. She became empress when her husband was elected [[Holy Rom...
14: *HI&RH Archduchess Marie Caroline (1740-1741). [[Heiress-presumptive]] to the...
20: ...; had issue. [[Grand Duke of Tuscany]]: 1765 (abdicated 1790); [[Holy Roman Emperor]]: 1790; [[Archduk...
21: *HI&RH Archduchess Marie Caroline (1748)
22: *HI&RH Archduchess Marie Johanna (1750-1762) - Denis Diderot (13048 bytes)
3: ...ce]] in 1713, he was a prominent figure in what became known as the [[The Age of Enlightenment|Enlight...
5: ...tent, while also examining [[philosophy|philosophical]] ideas relating to [[free will]]. He is also kn...
7: ... married Anne Toinette Champion, a devout [[Roman Catholic]]. He had affairs with the writer Madame Pu...
12: ...allegory]] pointing first to the extravagances of Catholicism; second, to the vanity of the pleasures ...
14: ...ant philosophers of that day was an episodic application of the principle of relativism to the concept... - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
6: ...enerally rare and had to be imported from other locations.
11: ... Hammurabi. The head has the wide open eyes, typical of the time period.
13: ...visible if viewed from the side. The piece was excavated at [[Nimrud]] (in northern [[Mesopotamia]]),...
16: ...lette, which was used for mixing eye make-up, was carved in relief, and portrayed the victory of [[Upp...
18: ...he most famous is the [[Great Sphinx of Giza]], located near the pyramids. It is about 60 feet high a... - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
2: ...een known as the '''French horn''' since at least 1750, although this usage is uncommon among players of...
6: ...ing it its characteristic "mellow" tone. The typical [[playing range]] of a French horn goes from the...
12: ...imes and flared into a larger opening at the end (called the ''bell'' of the horn). They evolved from...
14: ... for example, were written for this type of horn, called the [[natural horn]] in the modern literature...
16: ... a new one. At this same time, the standard horn came to be the horn on the F harmonic series, and th... - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
1: This is a chronological list of [[invention]]s.
3: ...e there is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the invention is used here.
6: * 2.4 MYA: [[Oldowan|Stone tools]] in [[Africa]]
8: ... Controlled [[fire]] in [[Cradle of Humankind|Africa]]
37: * 3500 BC: [[Carts]] in [[Sumer]] - List of painters (54090 bytes)
8: *[[Salvador Dali]], ([[1904]]-[[1989]]), Catalan artist
13: *[[Pablo Picasso]], ([[1881]]-[[1973]]), Spanish [[Cubism|cubis...
26: *[[Bernard Accama]] ([[1697]]-[[1756]])
57: *[[Carl Andre]] ([[1935]]-)
73: *[[Hendrick Avercamp]] ([[1585]]-[[1634]]) - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
2: ...hough claims to the Ming throne (now collectively called the '''Southern Ming''') survived until [[166...
6: ...of the Ming Dynasty in [[1368]], establishing his capital at [[Nanjing]] and adopting "Hongwu" as his ...
8: ...eader against the collapsing Yuan Dynasty. Zhu became one of the only two dynastic founders who emerg...
10: Having fought off the calamities of the Mongol invasion, and given the rea...
12: ...ing dynasty. Great [[landed estate]]s were confiscated by the government, fragmented, and rented out;... - Prehistory (4111 bytes)
10: Because, by definition there are no written records fr...
20: ...e Palaeolithic according to some of the [[classification]] schemes used in archaeology.
21: ...ming]], the date of which varied in each geographical region.
22: ...art of [[farming]] and ended when [[metal]] tools came into widespread use in the Copper Age
31: ...til the coming of the Europeans, between 1500 and 1750 CE. - Uranus (15207 bytes)
18: ...,220 [[kilometre|km]]<br>19.191 263 93 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
59: !bgcolor="#c0ffff" colspan="2"| Physical characteristics
64: !align="left"| [[geographical pole|Polar]] diameter
85: !align="left"| [[Escape velocity]]
122: | 120 [[Pascal|kPa]] - January 1 (18244 bytes)
1: ...w Year's Day'', and was, with [[Christmas]] and occasionally [[Twelfth Night (holiday)|Twelfth Night]]...
3: {{JanuaryCalendar}}
6: *[[45 BC]] - The [[Julian calendar]] first takes effect.
8: *[[990]] - Russia adopts the Julian calendar.
10: ...[[1600]] - [[Scotland]] begins using the [[Julian calendar]]. - Polar bear (6417 bytes)
2: ..._image | image = [[Image:polar-bear.jpg|240px]] | caption = Polar Bear}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Carnivora]]}}
15: ... range from 16,000 to 35,000, with about 60% in [[Canada]].
18: ...r in [[human]]s. Neither does the hair have [[Optical fiber|fibre-optic]] properties, a commonly perpe...
20: ... is so effective that when viewed with [[infrared camera]] they are barely visible. Only the pads of t... - List of popes (77758 bytes)
1: ...lti.jpg|thumb|Popes buried in [[St. Peter's Basilica|St. Peter's]]]]
2: This is a '''list of Popes of the Roman Catholic Church'''.
4: ...has been used officially by the head of the Roman Catholic Church since the tenure of [[Pope Siricius]...
6: ...Apostles]], [[Supreme Pontiff]] of the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Universal Church]], [...
7: ... has been [[Sovereign]] in the State of the [[Vatican City]] (the [[Holy See]]). - Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
4: ...he unity of science movement which includes [[logical positivism]].
6: ...] and [[ethics]] in addition to [[politics| political]] theories of the age. However, prominent Enligh...
8: ...osophical ideas, and their application to [[political economy]], [[government]] and sciences such as [...
14: ...iverse where God and Nature were one. This idea became central to the Enlightenment from Newton throug...
16: ...his ''[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]].'' - History of astronomy (13532 bytes)
2: ...cultures around the world using the raw, astronomical data collected.
8: ... [[Stonehenge]]) probably fulfilled both astronomical and [[religion|religious]] [[social function|fun...
10: ...y. [[Julius Caesar]] instigated [[Julian calendar|calendar reform]] and created the [[leap year]].
14: ...e case around 4500 BC. Fire altars, with astronomical basis, have been found in the third millennium c...
20: ...[500|500 AD]], [[Aryabhata]] presented a mathematical system that took the earth to spin on its axis a... - Hittites (17910 bytes)
5: ...non-Indo-European language — conventionally called [[Hattic language|Hattic]].
7: ... the two peoples to be the same, but this identification is still disputed.
11: ==Archaeological discovery==
12: The first archaeological evidence for the Hittites appeared in tablets fo...
14: ...ith the biblical Hittites. Sayce's identification came to be widely accepted over the course of the ea... - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...of the [[Royal Society]]. In [[1775]], Franklin became the first [[United States Postmaster General]].
4: ...ts to the [[glass harmonica]], and possibly [[bifocals]].
21: ...t son. His schooling ended at ten and at 12 he became an [[apprenticeship|apprentice]] to his brother...
23: ...Franklin a forum for agitating for a variety of local reforms. His intelligence combined with a great...
27: ...t)|enlightenment]] partly contributed to the American colonies' struggle to maintain their privileges.... - March 21 (10586 bytes)
1: ...]<sup>th</sup> day of the year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (81<sup>st</sup> in [[leap year]]s). Ther...
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
5: *[[1556]] - In [[Oxford]], [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Thomas Cranmer]] is [[Execution by bu...
7: ...ith the church leadership driven out of the [[Vatican]] during an armed conflict, [[Pope Pius VII|Pius...
15: ...i]] formally asked the international community to call [[Persian Empire|Persia]] by its native name, [...
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