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- List of explorers (24013 bytes)
6: ...th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
7: ...th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
14: *[[Charles Albanel]] (1616-1696), Canada
21: ...aval officer, several expeditions to the [[Canada|Canadian]] [[Arctic]]
22: ...century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of [[North America]]) - Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
8: ...ngle [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Kingdom]], Anne became the first Sovereign of [[Great Britain]]. She c...
10: ...n the absence of a [[Protestant]] heir, the Roman Catholic James II could attempt to return to the Thr...
17: ...o [[Anglicanism]]; James II continued to send her Catholic books and essays, but made no serious attem...
19: ...pted to flee, and that the Throne was therefore vacant. The Crown was offered to, and accepted by, Wil...
24: ...ed from making her his Regent during his military campaigns in Europe. - Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
8: ...in, [[William III of England|William III]], who became the sole ruler upon her death. Popular historie...
13: ... again in [[1673]], taking as his second wife the Catholic [[Mary of Modena]], also known as Mary Beat...
15: ..., as a coalition with the Dutch became more politically favourable. Pressured by Parliament, the Duke ...
17: ...nancies ended in miscarriage or stillbirth. She became popular with the Dutch people, but her husband ...
20: ...on would, unlike Mary and Anne, be raised a Roman Catholic. Some charged that the boy was "supposition... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...r start of the scientific revolution was the publication of ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium'' by...
3: ... [[mechanics|mechanical]], and [[empiricism|empirical]].
9: ...is, at that time there were very large and historically sudden changes in science, not only in its con...
11: ...ay be summarized in the following lists of significant advances in science:
15: *[[Ptolemy]]'s calculations of planetary motion. (This and Galen's ... - Comet (30542 bytes)
3: ...owballs", comets are composed largely of frozen [[carbon dioxide]], [[methane]] and [[water]] with [[d...
7: == Physical characteristics ==
9: ...ails can extend over 150 million km (1 [[Astronomical unit]]) or more.
11: ... omens of deaths of kings or noble men, or coming catastrophes. From ancient sources, such as Chinese ...
13: ...etorbit.png|thumb|400px|Comets have highly elliptical orbits. Note the two distinct tails.]] - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: ...odern [[science]] is a body of verifiable [[empirical knowledge]], a global community of [[scholar]]s,...
6: ...ystems, which differs from the search for [[empirical]] [[truth]]. [[Philosophy]] differs from science...
11: ... it ''functions'', and whether it exhibits large-scale patterns and trends. The [[sociology of science...
13: ...d that there can be [[demarcation problem|no demarcation]] between science and any other form of inves...
15: ...' in [[1962]], there has been much debate in the academic community over the meaning and objectivity o... - Robert Hooke (5017 bytes)
4: ... term ''[[cell (biology)|cell]]'' -- so called because his observations of plant cells reminded him o...
6: ... the infamous [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] (which became known as 'Bedlam').
8: He died in [[London]] in 1703. No authenticated portrait of him survives, although the histori...
12: ...ngs, and derivative designs of Hooke's [[anchor escapement]] remain in common use.
14: ...eved 30x magnification, which far outstripped the capabilities of any previous instruments. - Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...erential [[calculus]]. While they both discovered calculus nearly contemporaneously, their work was no...
4: .... Newton is also credited with providing mathematical substantiation for [[Kepler's laws of planetary ...
14: ...live with her new husband, leaving her son in the care of his grandmother.
19: ...ridge University]] at the age of 19. As Newton became engrossed in his studies, the romance cooled an...
23: .... For the next two years Newton worked at home on calculus, [[optics]] and [[gravitation]]. - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
3: ...the [[Persian Wars]]. The building was officially called the '''Temple of Athena the Virgin''', and it...
5: ... treasury of the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Empire]].
11: ...rves is to make the temple look even more symmetrical than it actually is.
19: ... [[Poseidon]] for possession of the land of [[Attica]]. [[Metope|Metopes]] ran along the outer frieze ...
27: ... which time it was already as old as [[Notre Dame Cathedral]] in [[Paris]] is now, and far older than ... - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...of the [[Royal Society]]. In [[1775]], Franklin became the first [[United States Postmaster General]].
4: ...ts to the [[glass harmonica]], and possibly [[bifocals]].
13: ... ([[August 23]], [[1685]]), Ann ([[January 5]], [[1687]]), Joseph ([[February 5]], [[1688]]), and Joseph...
21: ...t son. His schooling ended at ten and at 12 he became an [[apprenticeship|apprentice]] to his brother...
23: ...Franklin a forum for agitating for a variety of local reforms. His intelligence combined with a great... - March 19 (9902 bytes)
1: ...'' is the 78th day of the year in the [[Gregorian calendar]] (79th in [[leap year]]s). There are 287 d...
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
7: *[[1687]] - Explorer [[Robert Cavelier de La Salle]], searching for the mouth of t...
10: ...te forces have retreated from [[Greenville, North Carolina]].
11: *[[1914]] - [[Giuseppe Mercalli]], Italian volcanologist (b. [[1850]]) - March 22 (9294 bytes)
1: ...number)|81]]st day of the year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]] (82nd in [[Leap year]]s). There are 284 ...
3: {{MarchCalendar}}
8: ...sachusetts Bay Colony]] outlaws the possession of cards, [[dice]], and gaming tables.
10: ...st direct tax levied from [[England]] on the American colonies.
12: *[[1871]] - In [[North Carolina]], [[William Woods Holden]] becomes the fir... - Astronomer (4344 bytes)
8: Unlike most scientists, astronomers cannot directly interact with the [[celestial body|c...
27: ...ion into the sum of two circular motions. He also calculated the value of 51' for the [[precession]] o...
33: ...ed the [[Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion|elliptical orbits]] of planets, and propounded his ''[[Kepl...
36: ...aws of motion]]", which are fundamental to mechanical physics, and which explained Kepler's laws of pl...
39: ... [[Chandrasekhar limit]], which he did, without a calculator, on a boat journey. - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
39: ...tarchus]] ([[Samos]], circa [[310 BC]] – circa [[230 BC]])
55: *[[John Bahcall]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1934]] – )
109: *[[William Wallace Campbell]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1862]] – ...
110: *[[Annie Jump Cannon]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1863]] – [[...
111: *[[Luigi Carnera]] ([[Italy]], [[1875]] – [[1962]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
1: ... the history of philosophy)'', '''listed alphabetically:'''
65: *[[Ammonius Saccas]], (3rd century){{fn|C}}
80: *[[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], (1034-1109){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn...
81: *[[Antiochus of Ascalon]], (c. 130-68 BC){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
165: *[[Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria]], (1738-1794){{fn|C}} - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
19: | '''[[Capital]]'''
26: | ''ca'' 40 million
45: ...tolia]], the [[Middle East]], part of [[North Africa]], and south-eastern [[Europe]]. It was establish...
47: ...ar I]], during which most of its territories were captured by the [[Allies]], Ottoman elites establish...
53: ...west, and from [[Egypt]] in the south to the [[Caucasus]] in the north. The Empire was situated in the... - Ur (11926 bytes)
1: ...on the [[Persian Gulf]] and close to [[Eridu]]. Because of marine regression, the remains are now well...
9: ...rrigation]] works to survive the dry spell. Ur became such a center, and by around [[2600 BC]], in th...
11: ...2] were constructed. Eventually the kings of Ur became the effective rulers of [[Sumer]], in the [[fir...
15: ...g the [[code of Hammurabi]]. After his death he became a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Su...
17: ...r Ur]] commemorates this event. Later [[Babylon]] captured the city. Nanna was known to the Babylonian... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
1: ...ft=[[aluminium]] | right=[[phosphorus]] | above=[[carbon|C]] | below=[[germanium|Ge]] | color1=#cccc99...
8: {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#cccc99 | color2=black }}
12: {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1687 | c=1414 | f=2577 }}
16: {{Elementbox_heatcapacity_jpmolkat25 | 19.789 }}
24: {{Elementbox_atomicradiuscalc_pm | [[1 E-10 m|111]] }} - Physics (25628 bytes)
4: ...t they form in the bulk. The properties of a chemical are determined by the properties of the underlyi...
6: ... to developing the mathematical structure of physical theories.
10: === Theoretical and experimental physics ===
12: ...l physicists have specialized in either [[theoretical physics]] or [[experimental physics]], and in th...
15: ... theory in high-energy physics for which no practical experimental test has ever been devised.
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