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- Eudocia Macrembolitissa (2682 bytes)
1: ...Constantine X]]. After his death ([[1067]]) she became the wife of [[Romanus IV]]. She was also the ni...
3: ...stantius, along with Constantine's brother John Ducas. Michael was old enough to rule on his own, but ...
5: ...ian|Varangian Guard]] then compelled Eudocia to vacate the throne in favour of Michael and retire to a...
7: ... deposed in [[1078]] by [[Nicephorus III]], who recalled Eudocia and offered to marry her. This plan d...
13: ...e Empresses: Woman and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204''. Routledge, 1999. - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
9: ...1169]]), and [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] ([[1121]]-[[1204]]). Melisende's authority was not passed over for...
11: ... correspondence. Baldwin raised his daughter as a capable successor to himself and Melisende enjoyed t...
13: ...Baldwin III of Jerusalem|Baldwin III]]. As an indication of Baldwin II's intentions to make Melisende ...
19: ...bility likely would not have later rallied to her cause.
21: ...sition indefinitely, however. His alliance with Ascalon cost him support at court. The [[Latin Patriar... - Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ..., [[France]], c. [[1124]] – [[March 31]], [[1204]] in [[Fontevrault]], [[Anjou]]) was one of the w...
6: ... ''other Aenor'' in the ''langue d'oc'', but it became ''El顮or'' in the northern ''langue d'oil'' an...
8: ..., and enjoyed riding, hawking, and hunting. She became heiress to [[Aquitaine]], the largest and riche...
10: ...s VI of France|Louis VI]] had died, and Eleanor became Queen of France.
12: ... dramatically emphasized the role of women in the campaign, with her, the Queen of France, as their le... - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ...lly influential in [[Europe]], [[Asia]] and [[Africa]].
13: ...er colspan=2 style="background:#fff;" | [[image:LocationGreece.png]]
17: | '''[[Capital]]''' || [[Athens]]
23: ...nisters of Greece|Prime Minister]]''' || [[Costas Caramanlis|Ks Karamanl�]
31: ...duct|GDP]]'''<br> - Total<br> - GDP per capita - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...ople]], the [[Albigensian Crusade]] against the [[Cathars]] of southern France and the [[Northern Crus...
6: == Historical background ==
7: ...ry, combined with the relative stabilization of local European borders after the Christianization of t...
9: ...ose who were killed in battle. Even today Spanish Catholics are allowed to substitute [[Friday abstine...
11: ...o marshal public opinion in their favor, people became personally engaged in a dramatic religious cont... - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
7: ... as preserved today at the entrance of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Istanbul (Constantinople).</smal...
10: | Constantine makes Constantinople his capital.
21: | Justinian's generals reconquer North Africa and Italy from the [[Vandals]] and [[Ostrogoths]]...
27: ...he following decades, they take most of North Africa, and later conquer Sicily as well.
37: | [[1204]] - Castle (27805 bytes)
1: ...rthworks]] (e.g. [[Hollingbury]] Castle, [[Maiden Castle]]).
2: ... to the dwelling, resulting in many un-castlelike castles and ''[[chaux]]''.
4: Castles also figure prominently in [[History of Japa...
5: ...e:Prague_castle2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Prague Castle Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.co...
6: ==Purpose of castles== - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
3: ...der the leadership of Octavian (better known as [[Caesar Augustus]]). Although Rome accumulated a col...
5: ...pire is traditionally set in [[476]], when [[Odovacar]] deposed the last Emperor and sent the Imperial...
7: Because the empire of Rome lasted for such a long peri...
9: ...he situation was far more nuanced: certain historical forms continued until the [[Byzantine]] period, ...
11: ...as many other aspects of Western life remains inescapable. Roman titles of power were adopted by succe... - Venice (22017 bytes)
2: ...an]] ''Venezia''), the city of [[canal]]s, is the capital of the region of [[Veneto]], population 271,...
6: ...tate]] (an Italian [[thalassocracy]] or ''Repubblica Marinara'', the other three being [[Genoa]], [[Pi...
10: ...gean]], including [[Cyprus]] and [[Crete]], and became a major power-broker in the [[Near East]]. By t...
12: ...with Venetian aid) seized [[Constantinople]] in [[1204]] and established the [[Latin Empire]]. Considera...
14: ...[[knight tenure]] within the city itself. The ''[[Cavalieri di San Marco]]'' was the only order of [[c... - Seljuk Turks (7657 bytes)
5: ...n Baghdad. [[Ahmed Sanjar]] was captured and held captive by Turkish nomads from [[1153]] to [[1156]] ...
7: ... [[1260s]] and divided it into small [[emirates]] called the [[Anatolian beyliks]], which in turn were...
73: ...Rüm|Süleyman II]] (Suleiman) [[1196]]-[[1204]]
74: * [[Kilij Arslan III]] [[1204]]-[[1205]]
102: *[http://www.islamicarchitecture.org/dynasties/seljuks.html The Seljuks... - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
3: ...the [[Persian Wars]]. The building was officially called the '''Temple of Athena the Virgin''', and it...
5: ... treasury of the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Empire]].
11: ...rves is to make the temple look even more symmetrical than it actually is.
19: ... [[Poseidon]] for possession of the land of [[Attica]]. [[Metope|Metopes]] ran along the outer frieze ...
27: ...sack of the city during the [[Fourth Crusade]] in 1204. - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
7: ...ght by [[Martin Behaim]]. In [[1496]], Magellan became a [[squire]].
9: ...llan would also first experience battle: when a local king refused to pay tribute, Almeida's party att...
11: ... [[1510]], Magellan was promoted to the rank of [[captain]]. However, after secretly sailing a ship ea...
13: ...nee wound while fighting against the Moorish-Moroccan stronghold. Although wounded and the recipient o...
20: ...f Charles and the powerful Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca, bishop of [[Burgos]] and the persistent enemy of... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
1: ... the history of philosophy)'', '''listed alphabetically:'''
65: *[[Ammonius Saccas]], (3rd century){{fn|C}}
80: *[[Anselm of Canterbury|Anselm]], (1034-1109){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn...
81: *[[Antiochus of Ascalon]], (c. 130-68 BC){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
165: *[[Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria]], (1738-1794){{fn|C}} - Hagia Sophia (7132 bytes)
8: ... supervision of emperor [[Justinian I]] and rededicated on December 26, [[536]].
10: ...tant poetic ''ekphrasis'', probably for the rededication of [[563]], which followed the collapse of th...
12: ...rings. The temple itself was so richly and artistically decorated that Justinian is said to have procl...
16: ...and enduring in the [[Eastern Orthodox]], [[Roman Catholic]], and [[Muslim]] worlds alike.
20: ...t. The dome is carried on [[pendentive]]s-four concave triangular sections of masonry which solve the ... - Byzantine art (10470 bytes)
3: ...her respects part of western European culture. It can also be used for the art of peoples of the forme...
7: ... man, the purpose of Byzantine art was the glorification of [[God]], and particularly of his son, [[Je...
9: ...the male nude had been at the centre of the classical artistic tradition from its beginnings, and the ...
11: ...yrs]] of Christian tradition were elevated, and became the dominant - indeed almost exclusive - focus ...
13: ...that some of the technical expertise of the classical world, particularly in sculpture, was lost in th... - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
1: ...974;μη'' in Greek), but that name never came into common use.
3: ...ple), where most gold coins circulating in Europe came from and were associated with.
5: ...that divided Christianity into [[Catholic|Western Catholicism]] and [[Eastern Orthodoxy]]. Third, the...
7: ...l 12), and then re-captured by [[Nicaean Empire|Nicaean]] forces under the command of [[Michael VIII P...
9: ...public of [[Turkey]] was founded in [[1923]], the capital was moved to [[Ankara]]; Constantinople was ... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
18: | [[Chemical series]]
24: | [[Density]], [[Mohs hardness scale|Hardness]]
35: | [[Atomic radius]] (calc.)
56: ...an="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | '''Physical properties'''
62: | 1204 [[Kelvin|K]] (1707.8 ?[[Fahrenheit|F]]) - List of Byzantine Emperors (11779 bytes)
3: ...o mark the start of the [[medieval]] period), [[Arcadius]] (treating [[Theodosius I]] as the last empe...
16: *[[Arcadius]], (377-408, ruled [[395]] - [[408]]) –...
17: ...01-450, ruled [[408]] - [[450]]) – son of Arcadius
18: ... ruled [[450]] - [[457]]) – son-in-law of Arcadius, brother-in-law of Theodosius II
35: *[[Phocas]] the Tyrant (???-610, ruled [[602]] - [[610]]) ... - Song Dynasty (16385 bytes)
3: ... [[960]]-[[1279]]. Its founding marked the reunification of China for the first time since the fall of...
5: ...ted south of the [[Yangtze River]] and made their capital at [[Hangzhou]].
14: ...- the mercantile class - arose as printing and education spread, private trade grew, and a market econ...
16: ...hinese invented or developed [[gunpowder]], the [[cannon]], the [[flamethrower]], [[printing]] technol...
18: ...ew practical guidelines for the solution of political and other mundane problems.
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