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- Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...October 12th [[1492]] under the flag of [[Castile|Castilian]] [[Spain]]. He believed that the [[earth]...
3: ...explorations were not the first to reach the Americas, they inaugurated permanent contact between the ...
5: ...ess than two decades later, the existence of America was known to the general public throughout Europe...
7: ...s of [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. He never reached the present-day [[United Stat...
9: ...he first large-scale [[colonization]] of the Americas by Europeans. - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...th higher carbon content than this are known as [[cast iron|iron]].
5: ...d alloys that can be [[plasticity (physics)|plastically]] formed (pounded, rolled, etc.).
8: ...ults in an alloy containing too much carbon to be called steel.
11: ...ub>3</sub>C. Cementite forms in regions of higher carbon content while other areas revert to ferrite a...
13: ...t cell structure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires extremely lit... - List of people by name: Ad (7741 bytes)
7: *[[Adachi Morinaga]], (1135-1200), Japanese warrior
11: *[[Adalbert of Prague]], (circa 956-997), saint
15: *[[Adam]], Biblical figure, first man
16: *[[Adam of Chillenden]], Archbishop of Canterbury
18: *[[Ian Adam|Adam, Ian]], (born 1937), Canadian writer - Isabella of Jerusalem (7928 bytes)
5: ...erhaps as young as 11. On their wedding night the castle of [[Kerak]] was attacked by the forces of [[...
7: ...ms when she was a child and he was a slave in the castle. And when Saladin received these gifts he was...
9: ...IV, Isabella's mother and the baronial party took care to remind the court party of Isabella's rights.
11: ...ld die, the question of succession would be adjudicated by the kings of [[England]], [[France]], and [...
15: ...he midst of Saladin's invasion of the kingdom and capture of everything except the stronghold of [[Tyr... - Catherine II of Russia (9308 bytes)
2: ...III of Sweden]] and [[Charles XIII of Sweden]], Catherine exemplified an "[[enlightened absolutism|e...
5: ...om illness, but is rumored to have been killed by Catherine's supporters.
9: ... de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu|Montesquieu]], Catherine drew up a document to reform the code of l...
11: ... control over their serfs and lands. In addition, Catherine gave land in [[Ukraine]] to favored nobles...
13: ...rine relaxed the censorship law and encouraged education for the nobles and middle class. - Chromosome (12667 bytes)
1: ...="#0000FF">Chromatid</font>. One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after [[S phase]]. (2) <...
2: ...mas Hunt Morgan]] proved that chromosomes are the carriers of genes.
5: ...]]s''. DNA replication begins at many different locations on the chromosome.
8: ...somes initiate replication and one origin of replication.
11: Two types of [[chromatin]] can be distinguished: - Medieval art (6359 bytes)
3: ...[[Islamic art history|Middle East]] and North Africa. It includes the major art movements, national ar...
9: ...ry of the interplay between the elements of classical, early Christian and "Barbarian" art.
13: ...aditionally look at it based on about nine large-scale movements, or periods.
15: ...sts adopted the Roman crafts of painting, mosaic, carving and metalwork.
17: ...ontact with the [[Anglo-Saxon]]s creating what is called the [[Hiberno-Saxon]] style, and then finally... - Pottery (17136 bytes)
1: ...0px|A man shapes pottery as it turns on a wheel. (Cappadocia, Turkey)]]
2: ...her temperatures, which is partially vitrified is called "[[stoneware]]". Fine earthenware with a whit...
8: Broken pottery in archaeological sites, called [[potsherd]]s, help identify the resident cul...
14: ...e, as that negates one of the prime advantages of casting.
19: ...l of clay is placed in the center of a turntable, called the wheel head, which is turned chiefly using... - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
6: ...enerally rare and had to be imported from other locations.
11: ... Hammurabi. The head has the wide open eyes, typical of the time period.
13: ...visible if viewed from the side. The piece was excavated at [[Nimrud]] (in northern [[Mesopotamia]]),...
16: ...lette, which was used for mixing eye make-up, was carved in relief, and portrayed the victory of [[Upp...
18: ...he most famous is the [[Great Sphinx of Giza]], located near the pyramids. It is about 60 feet high a... - Silk (8683 bytes)
2: '''Silk''' is a natural protein [[fiber]] that can be [[weaving|woven]] into [[textile]]s. It is o...
5: ...rchants, because of its texture and [[lustre]]. Because of the high demand for the fabric, silk was on...
8: ... the [[Middle East]], [[Europe]], and North [[Africa]]. This trade was so extensive that the major set...
11: ...onopoly; all top-quality looms and weavers were located inside the Palace complex in [[Constantinople]...
15: ...sually already been chewed through by the pupa or caterpillar ("silkworm") before the cocoons are gath... - Conventional Egyptian chronology (10774 bytes)
27: ... [[Protodynastic Period of Egypt|Dynasty 0]] ''circa'' 3100?2920 ===
241: *Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203-1200
242: *Seti II (Userkheperure-setepenre) 1200-1194 - Finland (29511 bytes)
14: ...kground:#f9f9f9;" | [[image:LocationFinland.png|Location of Finland]]
18: |'''[[Capital]]''' || [[Helsinki]]
32: | style="vertical-align: top;" | '''[[Independence]]'''<br /> ...
33: | style="vertical-align: top;" | From [[Russia]]<br/>[[6 December]...
44: | '''[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]''' || +358 - Israel (51605 bytes)
11: image_map = LocationIsrael.png |
14: capital = [[Jerusalem]]<sup>[[#Footnotes|1]]</sup> |
34: GDP_PPP_per_capita = $22,944 |
35: GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 30th |
46: calling_code = 972 | - Sudan (18856 bytes)
2: ...tic Republic of the Congo]] and the [[Central African Republic]] to the southwest, [[Chad]] to the wes...
13: image_map = LocationSudan.png |
16: capital = [[Khartoum]] |
36: GDP_PPP_per_capita = 2,046 |
37: GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 126 | - Bolivia (30115 bytes)
2: ...[landlocked]] [[country]] in central [[South America]]. It is bordered by [[Brazil]] on the north and ...
8: native_name = República de Bolivia |
12: image_map = LocationBolivia.png |
16: capital = [[La Paz]], [[Sucre]]<sup>1</sup> |
36: GDP_PPP_per_capita = $3,049 | - Iron Age (8996 bytes)
5: ...aning varies depending on the country or geographical region. This variation even occurs within Europe...
7: ...rious areas is listed below, broadly in chronological order.
10: ...y the metallurgy of the time. By [[1600 BC]] to [[1200 BC]], iron was used increasingly in the [[Middle ...
12: == The Iron Age in Africa and India ==
13: ...ory of iron and steelmaking]]), dating to circa [[1200 BC]]. - Writing system (16928 bytes)
1: ... spoken [[language]], for the purpose of [[communication]].
4: ...distinguished from other possible symbolic communication systems in that one must usually understand s...
6: ... of information expressed in some language, which can be retrieved independently of the initial act of...
11: ...se constructions are represented and able to be recalled by the interpretation of these elements and r...
12: ...ns of distinctly representing its symbols by application to a permanent or semi-permanent medium, so t... - Geologic time scale (26014 bytes)
1: The '''geologic time scale''' is used by [[geologist]]s and other scientis...
3: ...ach period. Different spans of time on the time scale are usually delimited by major [[geology|geolog...
7: ...nges in the observed fossil assemblages. In many cases, such faunal stages have been adopted in build...
9: ...ng terminology and define universal horizons that can be used around the world.
11: ==History of the time scale== - Civilization (29205 bytes)
3: ...as become the most recognizable symbol of the [[Inca]] civilization.]]
5: In the technical sense, a ''civilization'' is a [[complex society...
7: In a broader sense, ''civilization'' often can refer to any distinct society, whether complex a...
9: "Civilization" can sometimes refer to human society as a whole, as ...
11: ...vior. In this sense, civilization implies sophistication and refinement. - Francis Bacon (16741 bytes)
4: ...odology for [[science|scientific]] inquiry, often called the ''[[Baconian method]]''. Induction implie...
10: ...ater, was delicate. He entered [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], in 1573 at the age of 13, living for th...
12: ...y his precocious intellect, and was accustomed to call him "the young Lord Keeper."
16: ...of France|Henry III]] afforded him valuable political instruction.
18: ... with insufficient means, he borrowed money and became habitually in debt. To support himself, he took...
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