Boris Hagelin
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Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin (July 2 1892 – September 7 1983) was a Swedish businessman and inventor of cipher machines.
Born in the Caucasus (probably in present day Georgia), Hagelin studied mechanical engineering at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, graduating in 1914. He gained experience in engineering through work in Sweden and the United States.
His father was an investor in Arvid Gerhard Damm's company Aktiebolaget Cryptograph, established to sell rotor machines built using Damm's 1919 patent. Boris Hagelin was placed in the firm to represent the family investment. In 1927, Hagelin took over the firm, reorganising it as Aktibolaget Cryptoteknik. His machines competed with Scherbius' Enigma machines, but sold rather better.
At the beginning of World War II, Hagelin escaped from Sweden to Switzerland, all the way across Germany and through Berlin to Genoa, carrying the design documents for the company's latest machine, and re-established his company there (it still operates as Crypto AG in Zug). That design was small, cheap and moderately secure, and he convinced the US military to adopt it. Many tens of thousands of them were made, and Hagelin became quite wealthy as a result. Historian David Kahn has suggested that Hagelin was the only cypher-machine maker who ever became a millionaire.