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- Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
2: ...I_(Ermine_Portrait).jpg|thumb|right|220px|'''Elizabeth I''' <br><small>Queen of England and Ireland</s...
7: ...', '''Gloriana''', or '''Good Queen Bess''', Elizabeth I was the fifth and final monarch of the [[Tudo...
9: ...d [[Humphrey Gilbert|Sir Humphrey Gilbert]]. Elizabeth was a short-tempered and sometimes indecisive r...
11: ... Elizabeth's reign. Elizabeth also reduced the number of [[Privy Council|Privy Counsellors]] from thir...
13: ...er of the [[United States]], was named after Elizabeth I, the "Virgin Queen". - List of painters (54090 bytes)
18: *[[Peter Paul Rubens]], ([[1577]]-[[1640]]), Belgian painter
24: *[[Edwin Austin Abbey]] ([[1852]]-[[1911]])
26: *[[Bernard Accama]] ([[1697]]-[[1756]])
37: *[[Josef Albers]] ([[1888]]-[[1976]])
38: *[[Mariotto Albertinelli]] ([[1474]]-[[1515]]) - Galileo Galilei (33761 bytes)
2: ...es Kepler]]. The work of Galileo is considered to be a significant break from that of [[Aristotle]]. ...
10: ... the oldest known non-linear relation in physics, between the tension and the pitch of a stretched str...
12: ... accurate measurements of time, which appeared to be impossible with the technology of the [[1600s]]. ...
14: ...ng balls) were replicated using the methods described by Galileo (Settle, 1961), and the precision of ...
22: ...appear; something he attributed to their movement behind Jupiter. He made additional observations of t... - Johannes Kepler (17038 bytes)
2: ...er]], [[mathematician]] and [[astrologer]]. He is best known for his [[Kepler's laws of planetary moti...
9: ...ft]]. Born prematurely, Johannes is said to have been a weak and sickly child, but despite his ill he...
11: ...pler was frequently bullied, and was plagued by a belief that he was physically repulsive, thoroughly ...
13: ...lipse]] of [[1580]], recording that he remembered being "called outdoors" to see it and that the moon ...
15: ...]], becoming a part of the T?n faculty. However, before he took his final exams he was recommended fo... - Francis Bacon (16741 bytes)
2: ...unt St Albans''' in [[1621]]; both peerage titles becoming extinct upon his death.
4: ... professional life as a lawyer, but he has become best known as an philosophical advocate and defender...
8: ..., Lord Burghley, the great minister of Queen Elizabeth.
10: Biographers believe that Bacon received an education at home in ...
16: ...let]], the English ambassador at Paris. The disturbed state of government and society in [[France]] un... - Colonial America (32872 bytes)
2: ...he late [[16th century]], the [[England|English]] began to colonize [[North America]]. The first atte...
4: ...es found themselves more closely united than ever before, at odds with the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|...
11: ...or Asia, but the lands he came upon were found to belong to an entirely different landmass. [[Spain]]...
16: ... create a colonial empire. Rather, the motivation behind the founding of colonies was piecemeal and va...
22: The English made a number of failed ventures in the closing decades of the... - Gerardus Mercator (3294 bytes)
7: ...lemish]] [[cartographer]] of German descent, remembered for the [[Mercator projection]] named after hi...
9: ...te the first instruction book of italic script to be published in northern [[Europe]].
12: ...o aid navigation by sea, as compass courses could be marked as straight lines.
14: ...87]] after his father's map of 1567 (published in 1595)]]
15: ...e]] in [[1588]], further maps were published in [[1595]] after his death by his son [[Rumold Mercator]].... - List of sculptors (9151 bytes)
9: *[[Benjamin Paul Akers]] (1825 - 1861)
11: *[[Alessandro Algardi]] (1595 - 1654)
27: *[[John Beckley]] (1930 - )
28: *[[Wilfried Behre]]
29: *[[Hans Bellmer]] (1902 - 1975) - Francis Drake (14963 bytes)
2: ...his return by Queen [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]. He was second in command of the English fl...
7: ... the exact date of his birth is unknown and could be as early as [[1535]]. The [[1540]] date is taken ...
9: ...the death of the captain for whom he was sailing, becoming the master of his own bark. At age 23 Drake...
12: ...the favour of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabeth]].
13: ...h survivor was rich for life. However, Queen Elizabeth, who had up to this point sponsored and encoura... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
9: *[[George Ogden Abell]] ([[United States|USA]], [[1927]] – [[19...
10: *[[Antonio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1846]] – [[1928]])
11: *[[Georgio Abetti]] ([[Italy]], [[1882]] – [[1982]])
20: *[[Robert Grant Aitken|Robert Aitken]], ([[United States|USA]], [[1864]] &nda...
37: *[[Sylvain Arend]] ([[Belgium]], [[1902]] – [[1992]]) - Sikhism (31029 bytes)
2: ...d able disciple. The core beliefs of Sikhism are belief in one [[God]] and the teachings of [[#The_Te...
4: ...using on [[God]]. He wanted to go beyond what was being practised by either religion and hence a well-...
6: ...e five baptised Sikhs were named Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones), who in turn baptised the Guru at his ...
8: ...s one of the few scriptures in the world that has been compiled by the founders of a faith during thei...
10: ...he Creator. Guru Nanak called God the "True Name" because he wanted to avoid any limiting terms for Go... - Aztec (38742 bytes)
9: ...emselves as Mexica ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]: {{IPA|[meˈʃihkah]}}) or ''Tenochca'' an...
11: ...e not to use the word Azteca, instead they should be known as Mexica. The [[conquistadores]] knew them...
13: ... where their capital city [[Tenochtitlan]] should be built. This sculpture is in [[Mexico City]].]]
14: ...icans from pre-conquest Mexicans. This usage has been the subject of debate in more recent years, and...
22: ...tem of government. [[Arnold J. Toynbee|Arnold Toynbee]] in his preface to ''War and Civilization'' dra... - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
29: ...m km² (1902); 19.9m km² maximum extent (1595)
35: | [[October 29]] [[1923]]
45: ...kish Empire'' or ''Turkey'', though it should not be confused with the modern [[nation-state]] of that...
47: ...x130;stanbul]]) from the [[Byzantine Empire]], it became the Ottoman capital. Following [[World War I]...
53: ...ture of [[Constantinople]] in [[1453]], the state became a mighty [[empire]] with [[Mehmed II]] as its... - Babylonia (8254 bytes)
2: ... [[Babylon]]. The earliest mention of Babylon can be found in a tablet of the reign of [[Sargon of Akk...
5: The Babylonians began the empire of Babylonia in southern Mesopotami...
7: ...00 years, Babylon was overshadowed by [[Assyria]] before its second rise to greatness.
11: ...Assyrian ruler, [[Ashurbanipal]], and Babylonia rebelled under [[Nabopolassar]] the Chaldean the follo...
13: ...ed world. Only a small fragment of his annals has been discovered, relating to his invasion of Egypt i... - Sumer (14409 bytes)
5: ... example, to [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] which belongs to the [[Afro-Asiatic languages]].
12: ...rights, trade routes, and tribute from nomadic tribes.
18: ...rranean. He is the last ethnically Sumerian king before the arrival of the Semitic conqueror, [[Sargo...
21: ...e of [[Mitanni]] in northern Mesopotamia around [[1595 BC]], while the Babylonians controlled the south....
24: ...and [[pig]]s. They used [[ox]]en as their primary beasts of burden and [[donkey]]s as their primary tr... - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ... The '''Sovereign Military Order of Malta''' (see below) is the main successor to this tradition.
5: ...t the birthplace of [[Jesus]]. It was served by [[Benedictine]] Brothers.
7: ...order throughout the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]] and beyond. His successor, Raymond du Puy of Provence, e...
9: ...emplar]], who were formed later in [[1119]], they became one of the most powerful Christian groups in ...
15: ...red to the knights. They also gained control a number of neighboring islands, as well as the Anatolian... - Atlas (cartography) (4308 bytes)
9: The first book that could be called an atlas was constructed from the calculat...
11: ... often varied dramatically in size. Over time, it became common to bind the maps together into composi...
13: ...work was the first book of its kind to reduce the best available maps to a uniform size. It was an im...
15: ...escription of the Universe) (Duisburg, [[1585]]-[[1595]]).
21: ...eus]]. Atlas was punished by [[Zeus]] and made to bear the weight of the heavens and earth on his back...
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