Roman salute
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The Roman salute is a flat-palm-down hand raised upward at an angle (or maybe sometimes forward) and was used by the Roman Republic.
It was also the historical civilian salute of the United States, from 1787?-1934?, known since 1892 as the Bellamy salute. It was also the historical salute among armies in the Middle East and South America.
Because of the similarity between the Bellamy salute to the Nazi salute, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt instituted the hand over the heart as the salute to be rendered by civilians during the Pledge of Allegiance and the national anthem in the United States, instead of the Bellamy salute. This was done when Congress officially adopted the Flag Code on June 22, 1942.
The association with the Nazis has been so strong that it is rarely used by non-Nazi organizations since the end of World War II. One exception to this is the Republic of China (Taiwan), where the salute is still used.