Pyrroloquinoline quinone
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Pyrroloquinoline quinone, originally discovered in 1979, was reported to be a vitamin in mice on April 24 2003 by a research team led by Takafumi Kato of the Japanese Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (http://www.riken.go.jp/engn/index.html) (source (http://www.brain.riken.jp/labs/mdmd/pqq/)). Because it has not been shown that any disease results from a dietary deficiency of this substance in humans, it is not considered a vitamin in humans.