Phelsuma
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Phelsumas are small lizards which are also known as day geckos. Day geckos are lizards and belong to the Gecko family. Most members of the genus Phelsuma have attractive vivid colours which make them popular terrarium pets.
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Description
In contrast to most other gecko species, members of the genus Phelsuma are active mainly during the day. Other diurnal geckos are members of the genus Lygodactylus and the genus Gonatodes. Phelsumas have rounded pupils and a clear, fixed plate covering their eyes which they clean with their tongue. Phelsumas do not have eyelids. Many species have bright green, red and blue colours which make them popular terrarium or vivarium pets. These brilliant colours play a role in intraspecies recognition and also serve as camouflage.
The length of the different Day gecko species varies between about 6.5 to 30 cm (2.5-12 in.). Phelsumas have toe pads consisting of tiny lamellae which allow them to walk on plain surfaces like bamboo or glass. The inner toe and thumb are vestigial. Males have well developed femoral pores on the undersurface of the rear limbs. These pores are less developed or absent in females. Females often have well developed endolymphatic chalk sacs on the sides of their neck. In these sacks, calcium is stored which is needed for egg production. Those eggs can often been seen shining through the ventral surface of the body shortly before they are laid. The hatchlings reach sexual maturity between 6-12 months. Smaller species may live up to ten years whereas the larger species have been reported to live more than 20 years in captivity.
Distribution & Habitat
Day geckos inhabit the islands of the south-east part of the Indian Ocean. The one exception is Phelsuma andamanense, which is endemic to the Andaman islands in the Bay of Bengal. The main distribution of day geckos is Madagascar which may also be the origin of the genus Phelsuma. Some species are found on neighbouring island groups (Mascarenes, Seychelles, Comoros) and the coast of East Africa. The different Phelsuma species can be found from sea level up to 2300 meters above sea level. Most day geckos are arboreal. They inhabit, amongst others, (coconut) palms and banana trees, but can also be found near human settlements, in gardens, on fences, houses and huts. Other species can also be found on rocks
Diet
Day geckos feed on various kinds of insects and other invertebrates. They also like to eat nectar, pollen and probably soft, ripe and sweet fruits such as bananas. In captivity, these geckos should be provided with a similar diet. The different Phelsuma-species differ in size from about 6.5 to 30 cm (2.5-12 in.). Therefor, the size of the insects which are offered should be adapted to the animal size. Some insects which can be fed are: (wingless) fruit flies, different flies, wax moths, crickets, small super worms, small butter worms and mealworms. Day geckos should be provided with sliced fruit, such as papaya, or a small amount of banana a few times a week. Also fruit baby food or some commercial gecko nectar may be suitable.
Classification of the genus Phelsuma GRAY 1825
The genus Phelsuma was first described by the British zoologist John Edward Gray in 1825 and named after the Dutch physician Murk van Phelsum. The genus consists of about 70 known species and subspecies. Two Phelsuma species (Phelsuma gigas and Phelsuma edwardnewtoni) are now considered to be extinct, probably because of destruction of their environment by human settlers and their domestic animals. Many day gecko species are endangered today because more and more of their habitat, such as (rain) forest, is being destroyed on Madagascar and other islands.
- Phelsuma abbotti
- Phelsuma andamanense (Andaman Islands day gecko)
- Phelsuma antanosy
- Phelsuma astriata
- Phelsuma barbouri (Barbour's day gecko)
- Phelsuma berghofi
- Phelsuma borbonica
- Phelsuma breviceps
- Phelsuma cepediana (Blue-tailed day gecko)
- Phelsuma comorensis
- Phelsuma dubia (Dull day gecko)
- Phelsuma edwardnewtoni (Rodrigues day gecko) - extinct, last seen 1917
- Phelsuma flavigularis (Yellow-throated day gecko)
- Phelsuma gigas (Rodrigues giant day gecko) - extinct, last seen 1842
- Phelsuma guentheri (Round Island day gecko)
- Phelsuma guimbeaui
- Phelsuma guttata (Speckled day gecko)
- Phelsuma hielscheri
- Phelsuma inexpectata (Reunion Island ornate day gecko)
- Phelsuma kely
- Phelsuma klemmeri (Yellow-headed day gecko)
- Phelsuma laticauda
- Phelsuma lineata
- Phelsuma madagascariensis
- Phelsuma malamakibo
- Phelsuma masohoala
- Phelsuma modesta
- Phelsuma mutabilis
- Phelsuma nigristriata
- Phelsuma ocellata
- Phelsuma ornata (Mauritius ornate day gecko)
- Phelsuma parkeri (Pemba Island day gecko)
- Phelsuma pronki
- Phelsuma pusilla
- Phelsuma quadriocellata
- Phelsuma robertmertensi (Robert Merten's day gecko)
- Phelsuma seippi (Seipp‘s day gecko)
- Phelsuma serraticauda (Flat-tailed day gecko)
- Phelsuma standingi (Standing's day gecko)
- Phelsuma sundbergi
- Phelsuma trilineata
- Phelsuma vanheygeni
- Phelsuma v-nigra
Explanation of the Latin names of Phelsuma species
- abbotti: after Mr. W.L. Abbott
- agalagae: from Agalega (island)
- andamanensis: from the Andaman Islands
- angularis: angular
- anjouanensis: from Anjouan (island)
- astovei: from Astove (island)
- astriata: without stripes (in comparison to Phelsuma lineata lineata)
- barbouri: after Mr. Barbour
- befotankensis: from Befotaka
- bimaculata: with two blotches, spots
- boehmei: after Mr. Wolfgang Böhme
- bombetokensis: from Bombetoka (bay)
- borbonica: from Bourbon (island, now called Réunion)
- breviceps: short headed
- cepediana: after Mr. de Lacépède
- checkei: after Mr. Athony. S. Checke
- chloroscelis: with (leaf)green thighs
- comoraegrandensis: from Grande Comoros (island)
- comorensis: from the Comoros (island group)
- dorsivittata: back wrapped in ribbons
- dubia:doubtful
- edwardnewtonii: after Mr. Edward Newton
- flavigularis: with a yellow throat
- grandis: big
- guentheri: after Mr. Albert Günther
- guimbeaui: after Mr. B. Guimbeau
- guttata: with teardrop formed spots
- hallmannii: after Mr. G. Hallmann
- inexpectata: unexpected
- kely: small (in Malagasy language)
- kochi: after Mr. K.L. Koch
- ladiguensis: from la Digue (island)
- laticauda: with a broad, flattened tail
- leiogaster: smooth scales (belly)
- leiura: smooth tail scales
- lineata : striped
- longinsulae: from Long island
- madagascariensis: from Madagascar
- Martensi: after Mr. Karl Martens
- menaiensis: from Menai (eiland)
- minuthi: after Mr. W. Minuth
- modesta: modest
- mutabilis: variable, changeable
- nigristriata: with black stripes
- notissima: most well known
- ornata: ornated
- parkeri: after Mr. Park
- parva: small
- pasteuri: after Mr. Georges Pasteur
- Phelsuma: after Mr. Murk van Phelsum
- pulchra: beautiful
- punctulata: with small spots
- pusilla: tiny
- quadriocellata: with four eyes
- robertmertensi: after Mr. Robert Mertens
- rosagularis: with a rose-coloured throat
- rubra : red(-hot)
- seippi: after Mr. Robert Seipp
- semicarinata: semi-keeled, seems keeled (scales)
- serraticauda: witha serrated tail
- standingi: after Mr. Standing
- sumptio:
- from Assumption (island)
- from sumptuous (posture, build)
- sundbergi: after Mr. H. Sundberg
- trilineata: with three stripes
- umbrae: shaded
- v-nigra: with a black V(-marking)
- venusta: sweet
- vinsoni: after Mr. J. Vinson & J.M. Vinson
References
for references see: Phelsuma references
External links
- Phelsumania.com (http://www.phelsumania.com/public/introduction.html)
- Gekkota.org (http://www.gekkota.org/html/phelsuma.html)de:Taggeckos