Permanent way
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A permanent way refers to the track and sleepers of a railway line. This name originally came about because during the construction of railway lines, other tracks (ways) were used for removing soil from cuttings, etc. The permanent way was the track that remained after these temporary ways were removed. The name is not really accurate, because frequent maintenance is required to give a smooth ride for trains, or indeed to keep the permanent way suitable for any traffic at all.
David Hare's play The Permanent Way discusses the privatisation of Britain's railways.