Paul-Henri Spaak
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Paul-Henri Charles Spaak Template:Audio (January 25, 1899 - July 31, 1972) was a Belgian Socialist politician and statesman.
Born in Schaerbeek, Paul-Henri was the grandson of the Liberal politician Paul Janson and nephew of another Liberal politician, Paul-Emile Janson, who was briefly Prime Minister of Belgium from 1937 to 1938. His mother, Marie Janson, was the country's first female Senator. During World War I, he lied about his age to be accepted in the Army; he subsequently spent two years as a German prisoner of war.
Spaak studied law in Brussels and became a member of the Socialist Belgian Labour Party in 1920. Elected deputy in 1932, in 1935 he entered the government led by Paul Van Zeeland as Minister of Transports. He was several times Minister of Foreign Affairs and four times Prime Minister of Belgium:
- February 1936 - May 1938: Mininster of Foreign Affairs in the second cabinet led by Paul Van Zeeland
- May 1938 - February 1939: Prime Minister
- September 1939 - February 1945: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 6 government coalitions led by Hubert Pierlot
- February 1945 - January 1946: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the 2 government coalitions led by Achille Van Acker
- March 13 1946 - March 31 1946: Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs in the shortest-lived Belgian government ever
- March 1946 - August 1946: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the third coalition led by Achille Van Acker
- August 1946 - March 1947: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government coalition led by Camille Huysmans
- March 1947 - August 1949: Prime Minister (twice) and Minister of Foreign Affairs
- April 1954 - June 1958: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the fourth coalition led by Achille Van Acker
- April 1961 - July 1965: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the coalition government led by Theo Lefèvre
- July 1965 - March 1966: Minister of Foreign Affairs in the coalition government led by Pierre Harmel
Advocate of Belgium's "independence policy" before the World War II, Spaak became a staunch supporter of regional co-operation and collective security after 1944. While still in exile in London, he promoted the creation of a customs union uniting Belgium, The Netherlands and Luxembourg (see Benelux). In August 1946, he was elected chairman of the first session of the consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe. From 1952 to 1953, he presided the General Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community.
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In 1955, the Messina conference of European leaders appointed him as chairman of a preparatory committee charged with the preparation of a report on the creation of a common European market. This so-called "Spaak report" led to the signature, on March 25, 1957, of the Rome Treaty establishing a European Economic Community. His role in the creation of the EEC earned Spaak a place among the Founding Fathers of the European Union.
Spaak gained international prominence in 1945, when he was elected chairman of the first session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. During the third session of the UN General Assembly in Paris, Spaak apostrophized the Russian delegation with the famous words: "Messieurs, nous avons peur de vous" (Sirs, we are afraid of you). In 1956, he was chosen by the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation to succeed Lord Ismay as Secretary General. He held this office from 1957 until 1961, when he was succeeded by Dirk Stikker. Spaak was also instrumental in the choice of Brussels as the new seat of the Alliance's HQ in 1966. This was also the year of his last European campaign, when he played an important conciliatory role in resolving the "empty chair crisis" by helping to bring France back into the European fold.
In 1957 he received the Karlspreis (engl.: Charlemagne Award) an Award by the German city of Aachen to people who contributed to the European idea and European peace.
Paul-Henri Spaak retired from politics in 1966. He was member of the Royal Belgian Academy of French Language and Literature. In 1969, he published his memoirs titled Combats inachevés (Unfinished struggles, 2 volumes). Spaak died aged 73, on July 31, 1972 in his home in Braine-l'Alleud near Brussels, and was buried at the Foriest graveyard in Braine-l'Alleud.
He was the father of the actress Catherine Spaak and the diplomat Ferdinand Spaak. During the 1940s, during his time in New York with the United Nations, he also had an affair with the American fashion designer Pauline Fairfax Potter (1908-1976).
| Preceded by: Paul-Emile Janson | Prime Minister of Belgium 1938–1939 | Succeeded by: Hubert Pierlot |
| Preceded by: Achille Van Acker | Prime Minister of Belgium 1946 | Succeeded by: Achille Van Acker |
| Preceded by: Camille Huysmans | Prime Minister of Belgium 1947–1949 | Succeeded by: Gaston Eyskens |
| Preceded by: Lord Ismay | Secretaries General of NATO 1957–1961 | Succeeded by: Dirk Stikker External link
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