Particle detector
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In experimental particle physics, a particle detector is a device used to track and identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost. The notion counter is often used instead of detector.
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Types of detectors
Modern particle detectors are constructed from several of these types, often arranged similar to the layers of an onion. Each type forms a subsystem of the complete particle detector.
- Cloud chamber, Diffusion chamber
- Bubble chamber
- Photographic plates
- Photomultiplier
- Photodiodes
- Streamer tube
- Cherenkov detector,Aerogel detector
- RICH (Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector)
- Transition radiation detector
- Gaseous ionization detectors (Ionization chamber, Proportional counter, Geiger-Mueller tube)
- Scintillation counter
- Semiconductor detector
- Spark chamber,Wire chamber
- Drift chamber,Jet chamber
- Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC)
- Straw chamber
- Silicon detector
- Time projection chamber (TPC)
- MicroStrip Gas Chamber (MSGC)
- Calorimeter
- Time of flight detector
Installations of particle detectors
At Colliders
- At CERN
- for LEP
- The ALEPH detector for LEP at CERN (http://teachers.web.cern.ch/teachers/archiv/HST2001/detectors/trackdata/ALEPH.htm).
- DELPHI
- L3
- OPAL
- for SPS
- The Gargamelle detector for SPS at CERN (http://hepweb.rl.ac.uk/ppUKpics/POW/pr_980624.html).
- The NA49 experiment investigating hadronic interactions at the CERN SPS (http://na49info.cern.ch)
- for LHC
- for LEP
- At Fermilab
- for Tevatron
- The CDF detector (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/fermidet.html).
- D0
- for Tevatron
- At DESY
- for HERA
- The H1 Detector for HERA at DESY (http://www-h1.desy.de/general/home/home.html).
- ZEUS
- for HERA
- At SLAC
- for SLC
- The SLD detector at SLAC (http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors.html).
- for SLC
- Others
- The MECO detector at UC Irvine (http://meco.ps.uci.edu/).
Without Colliders
See also
External references
General Information
- The Particle Detector BriefBook (http://rd11.web.cern.ch/RD11/rkb/titleD.html)
- How to Build a Cloud Chamber (http://www.lns.cornell.edu/~adf4/cloud.html)de:Teilchendetektor