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Oswald Teichmüller (June 18, 1913 - September 11, 1943) was a German mathematician who introduced quasi-conformal mappings and differential geometric methods into complex analysis. His work was published in Deutsche Mathematik, a journal in synthetic mathematics founded by Ludwig Bieberbach and has been neglected for a while for political reasons. "Rediscovered" few years after his death, the theory of Teichmüller spaces (a moduli space theory for Riemann surfaces) was further developed by Lars Ahlfors, Lipman Bers and others. The Teichmüller representative or Teichmüller character is a construction with p-adic numbers.
Teichmüller was a passionate Nazi who joined the Wehrmacht in 1939 and died fighting on the Eastern Front.de:Oswald_Teichmüller