Nike-Hercules Missile
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The Nike-Hercules Missile, designation MIM-14 (initially SAM-N-25), was a solid fuel propelled surface-to-air missile, used by US and NATO armed forces for high and medium altitude air defense. It could also be employed in a surface-to-surface role. The Nike-Hercules system, a follow-on to the Nike-Ajax missile, was developed during the Cold War to destroy enemy bombers and enemy bomber formations, as well as serve as an anti-ballistic missile system. Western Electric, Bell Laboratories, and Douglas Aircraft Company were the chief contractors for the missiles. In addition to the US Army, systems were sold to West Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium and Greece, with deployments in West Germany beginning in 1963. Nike-Hercules missile systems were also sold to Japan, which subsequently upgraded the internal guidance systems by replacing the original vacuum tube systems with transistorized ones.
The Nike-Hercules Missile could be fitted with either a nuclear warhead, W-31 type, or a conventional T-45 fragmenting warhead. The missile is 41 feet 6 inches (12.6 m) long with a wingspan of 6 feet 2 inches (1.9 m). 145 batteries of missiles were deployed during the cold war. The missile had a range of about 77 miles (110 km). Because of the missile's effectiveness against certain ICBMs, it was made a part of the SALT I treaty.
When it became apparent that the greatest threat to US National defense was from missiles instead of bombers, most Nike-Hercules units were deactivated. All Nike-Hercules missile batteries in the continental United States, with the exception of the ones in Florida and Alaska were deactivated by April 1974. These units were deactivated around 1979.
The US Army continued to use Nike-Hercules as a front-line air defense weapon in Europe until the early 1980s, when Patriot missile batteries were deployed. Other NATO units from West Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Greece, continued to use the Nike-Hercules for high-altitude air defense until the late 1980s. With the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe, the units were deactivated.
The Patriot missile replaced the Nike-Hercules Missile in the high and medium altitude air defense role. Its chief advantage over the Nike-Hercules system was in mobility; while a Nike-Hercules site could be established in days if necessary, Patriot sites can be established in hours. Patriot also uses a more advanced radar system and has better missile target tracking.
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