Network utilities
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Network utilities are small computer programs that are used to test various aspects of computer networks. The majority of them were developed for Unix systems and were later ported to other operating systems.
The most common tools that are found on most operating systems are:
- ping, ping a host to see if it's up, reports packet loss and latency, uses ICMP
- traceroute shows the path of systems a packet goes through en-route to its destination on a network. It works by sending packets with sequential TTL's which generate ICMP TTL exceeded messages from the hosts the packet passes through.
- nslookup ,used to query a DNS server, has been deprecated on unix systems in favour of host and dig; still the only tool available on Windows