Nauplius
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- In Greek mythology, Nauplius was the son of Poseidon and Amymone. He was an Argonaut and founded Nauplia (modern Nafplion) in Argolis. He was married to Philyra.
- King of Euboea, father of Palamedes. His wife was Clymene. His son was killed by the Greeks in the Trojan War and, in vengeance, Nauplius set fires on his island, misdirecting the Greek ships, many of which sank as a result. (Note: An alternative version says Palamedes was killed by the Trojans, his allies)
- A nauplius is the larva of a crustacean.