Michael Hicks-Beach
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Michael Edward Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn (23 October 1837 - 30 April 1916), known as Sir Michael Hicks Beach, Bt from 1854 to 1906 and as The Viscount St Aldwyn from 1906 to 1915, from was an English statesman.
Biography
The son of Sir Michael Hicks Beach, 8th Baronet, whom he succeeded in 1854, he was born in London in 1837, and educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated with a first class degree in the School of Law and Modern History. In 1864 he was returned to Parliament as a Conservative for East Gloucestershire. During 1868 he acted both as Parliamentary Secretary to the Poor Law Board and as Under-Secretary for the Home Office. In 1874 he was made Chief Secretary for Ireland, and was included in the Cabinet in 1877. From 1878 to 1880 he was Secretary of State for the Colonies. In 1885 he was elected for West Bristol, and became Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons. After Gladstone's brief Home Rule Ministry in 1886 Hicks Beach entered Lord Salisbury's next Cabinet again as Irish Secretary, making way for Lord Randolph Churchill as Leader of the House; but troubles with his eyesight compelled him to resign in 1887.
From 1888 to 1892 Sir Michael Hicks Beach returned to active work as President of the Board of Trade, and in 1895, Goschen being transferred to the Admiralty, he again became Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1899 he lowered the fixed charge for the National Debt from twenty-five to twenty-three million, a reduction imperatively required, apart from other reasons, by the difficulties found in redeeming Consols at their then inflated price. When compelled to find means for financing the war in South Africa, he insisted on combining the raising of loans with the imposition of fresh taxation; and besides raising the income-tax each year, he introduced taxes on sugar and exported coal (1901), and in 1902 proposed the reimposition of the registration duty on corn and flour which had been abolished in 1869 by Lowe. The sale of his Netheravon estates in Wiltshire to the War Office in 1898 occasioned some acrid criticism concerning the valuation, for which, however, Sir Michael himself was not responsible.
On Lord Salisbury's retirement in 1902 Sir Michael Hicks Beach also left the government. He accepted the chairmanship of the Royal Commission on Ritualistic Practices in the Church, and he did valuable work as an arbitrator; and though when the fiscal controversy arose he became a member of the Free-food League, his parliamentary loyalty to Balfour did much to prevent the Unionist free-traders from precipitating a rupture. In 1906 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount St Aldwyn, of Coln St Aldwyn in the County of Gloucester, and in 1915 he was further created Viscount Quenington, of Quenington in the County of Gloucester, and Earl St Aldwyn, of Coln St Aldwyn in the County of Gloucester.
| Preceded by: Marquess of Hartington | Chief Secretary for Ireland 1874–1878 | Succeeded by: James Lowther | |||
| Preceded by: The Earl of Carnarvon | Secretary of State for the Colonies 1878–1880 | Succeeded by: The Earl of Kimberley | |||
| Preceded by: Hugh Childers | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1885–1886 | Succeeded by: Sir William Harcourt | |||
| Preceded by: William Ewart Gladstone | Leader of the House of Commons 1885–1886 | Succeeded by: William Ewart Gladstone | |||
| Preceded by: John Morley | Chief Secretary for Ireland 1886–1887 | Succeeded by: Arthur Balfour | |||
| Preceded by: — | Minister without Portfolio 1887–1888 | Succeeded by: — | |||
| Preceded by: The Lord Stanley of Preston | President of the Board of Trade 1888–1892 | Succeeded by: Anthony Mundella | |||
| Preceded by: Sir William Harcourt | Chancellor of the Exchequer 1895–1902 | Succeeded by: Charles Thomson Ritchie | |||
| Preceded by: William Wither Beach | Father of the House 1901–1906 | Succeeded by: George Henry Finch
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