Mengjiang
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Mengjiang, (蒙疆 in pinyin: Měngjiāng; in Wade-Giles: Meng-chiang; Postal Pinyin: Mengkiang), Meng Chiang, also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was a puppet state in northern China (consisted of Chahar and Suiyuan provinces) controlled by Japan. It's occasionally nicknamed Mengkukuo or Mongokuo, after Manchukuo, another Japanese puppet state in China.
- The ruler was Demchugdongrub.
- The capital was Guihua.
- Era name: Genghiskhan (commemorating Genghis Khan)
Although intended to harness Mongol nationalism to support Japanese aims, this goal was undercut by the fact that the Japanese drew the borders of Mengjiang to produce a state that was 80 percent Han Chinese.
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History
Formed in June 28, 1936, the Mengjiang Joint Committee (蒙疆聯合委員會) was renamed in September 1939 as the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (蒙疆聯合自治政府). On December 8 1937, Mongolian Prince De Wang declared the independence of Inner Mongolia as Mengjiang and signed close agreements with Manchukuo and Japan, reverting Inner Mongolia to a puppet of the Japanese Empire.
The capital was established at Chan Pei, near Kalgan, with the puppet government's control extending around Hohhot. The capital was later moved. On August 4 1941, it was again renamed: the Mongolian Autonomous Federation (蒙古自治邦).
The state disappeared in 1945 when it was invaded by Russian and Mongol Red Army forces as part of Operation August Storm, the Soviet attack on Imperial Japan in the final weeks of World War II. It became part of Inner Mongolia of the People's Republic of China.
Miscellanea
Mengjiang, meaning "Mongolian Territories," came from the acceptance speech of chairmanship by Demchugdongrub:
- To recover the territories originally owned by the Mongolians
- (收復蒙古固有疆土)
The Japanese established the Bank of Mengjiang that printed its own currency without years on it. Some traditional local money shops also made currency with Chinese year numbering system, such as the Jiachen Year (甲辰年), on it.
See Also
- Outer Mongolia (Soviet Russian Puppet State)
- Tannu Tuva (Uriangkai) (Ancient Mongol Province, now a Russian District)
External links and references
- Flags and Brief History of China (http://www.vdiest.nl/china.htm)
- 真實的汪精衛 (http://www.chinesenewsweek.com/15/History/1044.html) (The Honest Wang Jingwei) (in Chinese)
- 日偽政權的行政區劃 (Political divisions of illegal regimes under Japan) (http://soviet.lovehinaplus.com/LPGPROV.HTM) (in traditional Chinese, with background midi music)
- Mengjiang flag (http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/cn_j_im.html)
- Mongolian education under the Japanese regime (http://aped.snu.ac.kr/icer/data/fullpaper/Full%20Paper/panel4.htm)