Markup (business)
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Markup is a term used in marketing to indicate how much the price of a product is above the cost of producing and distributing the product. It can be expressed as an fixed amount or as a percentage. There are numerous variations of each.
As a Fixed Amount
assume:
retail list price = $1.99 and the product cost is $1.40
MARKUP = price - cost
1.99 - 1.40 = .59
assume the actual selling price was $1.60
MARKDOWN = List price - selling price
1.99 - 1.60 = .39
INITIAL MARKUP = list price - cost
1.99 - 1.40 = .59
MAINTAINED MARKUP = sale price - cost
1.60 -1.40 = .20
As a Percentage
Algebra:
Markup <math>= x% = (x / 100) = .x<math>
example: <math>15% = (15 / 100) = .15<math>
<math>(Original * Markup) + Original = Total<math>
Using the distributive property of elementary algebra:
<math>Original * (Markup + 1) = Total<math>
Solved for Markup:
<math>(Total / Original) - 1 = Markup<math>
Solved for Original:
<math>Total / (Markup + 1) = Original<math>
Markup is the decimal representation of the markup percentage.
Original is the original amount/price.
Total is the marked up amount/price.
Specific:
INITIAL MARKUP % = initial markup / sale price
.59 / 1.99 = 29%
MAINTAINED MARKUP % = maintained markup / sale price
.20 / 1.60 = 13%
MARKUP % ON COST = markup / cost
.59 / 1.40 = 42%
MARKUP % ON PRICE = markup / price
.59 / 1.99 = 29%
To convert from markup on price to markup on cost:
MARKUP ON COST = markup % on price / 1 - markup % on price
.29 / (1 - .29) = 42%
To convert from markup on cost to markup on price:
MARKUP ON PRICE = markup % on cost / 1 + markup % on cost
.42 / (1 + .42 ) = .29
PRICE = cost / 1 - markup % on price
1.40 / (1 - .29) = 1.99
COST = price / 1 + markup % on cost
1.99 / (1 + .42) = 1.40
PRICE = markup / markup % on price
.59 / .29 = 1.99
See also : marketing, pricing, cost-plus pricing, production, costs, and pricing