Missing image
Merge_articles.png
| It has been proposed that this article or section be merged with Proto-Semitic.
This request may be discussed on the article's talk page.
|
This is a list of Proto-Semitic roots with their reflexes in several Semitic languages. Only roots attested in Akkadian, or with cognates in other Afro-Asiatic groups, can be confidently included in Proto-Semitic; others must be placed in West Semitic. There is some controversy in Semitic linguistics over the sibilants' pronunciation; see below.
Semitic Sound Correspondences
The original value of the four sibilants here transcribed as /š, z, s, ṣ/ is controversial. The traditional values are as given, but in recent years /s, dz, ts, ṭṣ/ have been suggested, based on assimilations found in Akkadian. In the latter case, those values should be substituted into the Akkadian transcriptions as well.
Proto-Semitic Roots
| English
| PS
| Akkadian
| Arabic
| Hebrew
| Syriac
| Geez
| Mehri
|
| earth
| *ʼarṣ́-
| erṣet-
| ʼarḍ-
| ʼéreṣ
| ʼarʻ-ā
| -
| -
|
| father
| *ʼab-
| ab-
| ʼab-
| ʼāḇ
| ʼab-ā
| ʼab
| ḥa-yb
|
| god
| *ʼil-(āh)-
| il-
| ʼilāh-
| ʼēl (but ʼĕlôh-îm)
| ʼalāh-ā
| -
| -
|
| house
| bayt-
| bītu, bētu
| bayt-
| báyiṯ, bêṯ
| -
| bet
| beyt, bêt
|
| husband
| baʻl-
| bēlu
| baʻl-
| báʻal
| b·ʻ·l
| baʻāl
| bâl
|
| king
| malik-
| malku, maliku
| malik-
| méleḵ
| -
| -
| -
|
| milk
| ḥalīb-
| ḫilpu
| ḥalīb-, ḥalab-
| ḥālāḇ
| ḥalb-ā
| ḥalīb
| -
|
| name
| *šm-
| šum-
| ism-
| šēm
| šm-ā
| səm
| ham
|
| peace
| *šalām-
| šalām-
| salām-
| šālôm
| šlām-ā
| salām
| səlōm
|
| sun
| *śamš-
| šamšu
| šams-
| šémeš
| šemš
| -
| -
|
| tree
| *ʻiṣ-
| iṣu, iṣṣu
| ʻiḍ-at-
| ʻēṣ
| -
| ʻeḍ
| -
|
| water
| *may-/*māy-
| mū
| māʼ-
| máyim
| may-ā
| māy
| ḥə-mō
|
| wine
| *wayn-
| -
| wayn- (> 'grape')
| yáyin
| -
| -
| -
|
Body parts
| English
| PS
| Akkadian
| Arabic
| Hebrew
| Syriac
| Geez
| Mehri
|
| blood
| *dam-
| -
| dam-
| dām
| dm-ā
| dam
| -
|
| eye
| *ʻayn-
| īn-
| ʻayn-
| ʻáyin
| ʻayn-ā
| ʻayn
| ʼāyn
|
| hand
| *yad-
| id-
| yad-
| yāḏ
| ʼīdā
| ʼəd
| ḥayd
|
| heart
| *libb-
| libb-
| lubb-
| lēḇ(āḇ)
| leb-ā
| ləbb
| ḥa-wbēb
|
| tongue
| *lišān-/*lašān-
| lišān-
| lisān-
| lāšôn
| lešān-ā
| ləsān
| əwšēn
|
| tooth
| *šinn-
| šinn-
| sinn-
| šēn
| šenn-ā
| sənn
| -
|
Animal names
| English
| PS
| Akkadian
| Arabic
| Hebrew
| Syriac
| Geez
| Mehri
|
| bull
| *ṯawr-
| -
| ṯawr-
| šôr (> 'ox')
| -
| -
| -
|
| camel
| *gam(a)l-
| gammal- (gaml-)
| gamal-/jamal-
| gāmāl
| gaml-ā
| gamal
| gəmmōl
|
| dog
| *kalb-
| kalb-
| kalb-
| kéleḇ
| kalb-ā
| kalb
| ?
|
| ewe
| *raḫil-
| laḫru
| riḫl(at)-
| rāḫēl
| -
| -
| -
|
Proto-West-Semitic Roots
This is a list of cognates for which no Akkadian cognate is known or attested.
| English
| PWS
| Arabic
| Hebrew
| Syriac
| Geez
| Mehri
|
| bee
| *dVb(V)r-
| dabr-, dibr-
| dəḇôrāh
| debbōr-ā, debbor-t-ā
| -
| -
|
| holy
| *ḳudš-
| quds
| ḳōḏeš
| qudš-ā
| -
| -
|
| son
| *bn-
| ibn
| bēn
| br-ā
| -
| bər, ḥə-brē
|
| white
| *laban-
| laban (> "buttermilk")
| lāḇān
| -
| -
| lbōn
|
External links
pt:Lista de raízes proto-semíticas
