List of Presidents of Portugal
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President-Portugal-Flag.png
The table below lists the individuals who have served as President of Portugal since the establishment of a republic in 1910. Under the Portuguese Constitution adopted in 1976 in the wake of the Carnation Revolution of 1974, Portugal has a President, elected for a five-year term. The President may serve for a maximum of two terms. The President theoretically has wide powers, but most of these are rarely used, following the precedent sent by President António Ramalho Eanes (1976-1986) and upheld by his successors, Mário Soares and Jorge Sampaio.
Prior to the Carnation Revolution, the powers of the presidency varied widely; some were virtual dictators (such as Pais and Carmona in his early years), while others were little more than figureheads (such as Carmona in his later years, Craveiro Lopes, and Américo Thomaz; in their time, the supreme power was the Prime Minister, António de Oliveira Salazar).
| Historical List of Presidents of Portugal | ||||||||
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| President | Party | Tenure | ||||||
First Republic
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| Teófilo Braga | 1910-1911 | |||||||
| Manuel José de Arriaga | 1911-1915 | |||||||
| Bernardino Machado | 1915-1917 | |||||||
| Sidónio Pais (Dictator) | 1917-1918 | |||||||
| João do Canto e Castro (Provisional) | 1918-1919 | |||||||
| António José de Almeida | 1919-1923 | |||||||
| Teixeira Gomes | 1923-1925 | |||||||
| Bernardino Machado | 1925-1926 | |||||||
Military dictatorship and Fascism
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| António de Fragoso Carmona | 1926-1951 | |||||||
| António de Oliveira Salazar (Provisional) | National Union | 1951 | ||||||
| Francisco Craveiro Lopes | National Union | 1951-1958 | ||||||
| Américo Thomaz | National Union | 1958-1974 | ||||||
Democracy
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| António Spínola | military | 1974 | ||||||
| Francisco da Costa Gomes | military | 1974-1976 | ||||||
| António Ramalho Eanes | Independent | 1976-1986 | ||||||
| Mário Soares | Socialist | 1986-1996 | ||||||
| Jorge Sampaio | Socialist | 1996- | ||||||
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