Liberalism in Russia
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Contributions to liberal theory |
This article gives an overview of liberalism in Russia. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme. For inclusion in this scheme it isn't necessary so that parties labeled themselves as a liberal party.
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Introduction
At the beginning of the twentieth century in czarist Russia various liberal parties evolve, the most important of them being the Constitutional-democratic Party. After the fall of communism, nw liberal parties are formed, of them only Apple Russian Democratic Party (Jabloko - Rossijskaja Demokratičeskaja Partija, member LI) succeeded in becoming a relevant force. This a is a left of center liberal party. The Union of Right Forces (Sojuz Pravych Sil, member IDU) is a right of center liberal party. This last party can also be seen as a democratic conservative market party. In this scheme the party is not included, but considered a democratic conservative party, that can be called liberal in the sense of pro free-market and anti-authoritarianism. The so-called Liberal Democratic Party of Russia is not at all "liberal": it is a nationalist, right-wing populist party.
The timeline
From Liberation Union to Constitutional Democratic Party
- 1905: The Liberation Union (Sojuz Osvoboždenija) formed together with the Union of Zemstvo-Constitutionalists (Sojuz Zemcev-Konstitucionistov) the liberal Constitutional Democratic Party (Konstitucionno-Demokratičeskaja Partija), also known as People's Freedom Party (Partija Narodnoj Svobody), led by Pavel Milyukov
- 1906: A faction formed the ⇒ Party of Democratic Reform
- 1917: De party is banned by the communist regime, but continued in exile
- 1921: The party disappeared
Union of 17 October
- 1905: Conservative liberals formed the Union of 17 October (Sojuz 17 Oktjabrja)
- 1906: A left wing faction formed the ⇒ Party for Peaceful Renewal, the party develops to be the party of the landlords
- 1917: The party disappeared
Moderate Progressive Party
- 1905: National liberals established the Moderate Progressive Party (Umerenno-Progressivnaja Partija)
- 1907: The party merged into the ⇒ Party for Peaceful Renewal
Party of Democratic Reform
- 1906: A moderate faction of the ⇒ Constitutional Democratic Party formed the Party of Democratic Reform (Partija Demokratičeskich Reform)
- 1912: The party merged into the ⇒ Progressive Party
From Party for Peaceful Renewal to Progressive Party
- 1906: A left-wing faction of the Octobrists, together with dissidents of the Constitutional Democratic Party and of the Moderate Progressive Party, established the Party for Peaceful Renewal (Partija Mirnogo Obnovlenija)
- 1912: The party merged with the ⇒ Party of Democratic Reform into the Progressive Party (Progressivnaja Partija), led by Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov
- 1917: Most of the party merged into the ⇒ Constitutional Democratic Party, some continued as the Radical Democratic Party (Radikal'no-Demokratičeskja Partija)
Jabloko
- 1993: Diverse new political parties merged into the social liberal Yavlinksii-Boldyrev-Lukin Bloc (Blok Javlinksi-Boldurev-Lukin), led by Grigorii Yavlinskii
- 1994: The party is renamed Yabloko (Jabloko)
- 2003: The party is renamed Russian Democratic Party Yabloko (Rossiiskaja Demokratičeskaja Partija Jabloko/Российская Демократическая Партия Яблоко)
Liberal leaders
- pre-revolution: Pavel Milyukov - Prince Georgy Yevgenyevich Lvov
- Dissidence during communism: Andrei Sakharov
- Jabloko: Grigorii Yavlinskii
References
p.m.