Lacedaemon
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Lacedaemon, or Lakedaimon, Grk. Λακεδαιμων or Λακεδαιμωνία in historical times, was an alternative name of Sparta, in the Classical period the chief polis of Laconia.
Homer uses only the former, and in some passages seems to denote by it the Achaean citadel, the Therapnae of later times, in contrast to the lower town Sparta. Lacedaemon is now the name of a separate department, which had in 1907 a population of 87,106.
The Lakedaimonians were the only full-time army in ancient Greece. Their state institutions and system of education were designed for the purpose of creating superbly trained soldiers.
In Greek mythology, Lacedaemon was a son of Zeus by Taygete, and was married to Sparta the daughter of Eurotas, by whom he became the father of Amyclas, Eurydice, and Asine. He was king of the country which he called after his own name, Lacedaemon, while he gave to his capital the name of his wife, Sparta. He was believed to have built the sanctuary of the Charites, which stood between Sparta and Amyclae, and to have given to those divinities the names of Cleta and Phaenna. An heroum was erected to him in the neighbourhood of Therapne.