Kharkiv
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Kharkiv (ukr: Ха́рків; rus: Ха́рьков, Kharkov) is the second largest city in Ukraine, a center of Kharkivs'ka oblast'. It is situated in the northeast of the country and has a population of two million. It is one of the main industrial, cultural and educational centres of Ukraine.
Kharkiv's industry and research specialize on arms production and machinery. There are hundreds of industrial companies in the city. Among them are world famous giants Morozov Design Bureau and Malyshev Tank Factory (Zavod Malysheva, a leader in tank production since the 1930s), Hartron (aerospace and nuclear electronics) and Turboatom (turbines producer). There is a metro system with 34 km of track and 26 stations.
Kharkiv's Independance Sqaure (Nezalgnist Ploshad) is the largest city center square in Europe, and is only second in the world to the Tiananmen Square in China.
History
Founded in the middle of 17th century, the city has had a university since 1805. During the early years of the Soviet Union, Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (from 1917–1934).
In the early 1930s, the Ukrainian famine (Holodomor) drove many people off the land into the cities, to Kharkiv in particular, in search of food. Some of them died and were secretly buried in one of the city's cemeteries.
During World War II Kharkiv was the site of several military engagements. The city was captured by Nazi Germany and its military allies, recaptured by the Red Army, captured again twice by the Nazis and then finally liberated on August 23, 1943. Seventy percent of the city was destroyed and tens of thousands of the inhabitants were killed.
Before the occupation, Kharkiv's tank industries were evacuated to the Urals with all their equipment, and became the heart of Red Army's tank programs (particularly, producing the legendary T-34 tank earlier designed in Kharkiv). These enterprises were returned after the war, and still continue to produce some of the world's best tanks.
External links
- Soviet topographic map 1:100,000 - northern part (http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/x-ussr/100k/M-37-061.jpg)
- Soviet topographic map 1:100,000 - southern part (http://sunsite.berkeley.edu:8085/x-ussr/100k/M-37-073.jpg)da:Kharkiv
de:Charkiw fr:Kharkiv ja:ハリコフ pl:Charkw ru:Харьков fi:Harkova sv:Charkiv uk:Харків he:חרקוב