Iroquois kinship
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Iroquois kinship (also known as Bifurcate merging) is a kinship system used to define family. Identified by Louis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Iroquois system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese).
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Kinship system
The system has both classificatory and descriptive terms; in addition to gender and generation, also distinguishes between parental siblings of opposite sexes. Parental siblings of the same sex are considered blood relatives. However, parental siblings of differing sex are labelled as "Aunt" or "Uncle as the situation necessitates. Thus, one's mother's sister is also called mother, and one's father's brother is also called father; however, one's mother's brother is called father-in-law, and one's father's sister is called mother-in-law.
Children of the parental generation are considered siblings (parallel cousins). The children of an Aunt or an Uncle are not siblings, they are instead cousins (cross cousins specifically).
Iriquois-kinship-chart.png
Graphic of the Iroquois kinship system
Marriage
Ego (the subject from whose perspective the kinship is based) is encouraged to marry his cross cousins but discouraged to marry his parallel cousins. In doing so, new genetic material is constantly brought into the pool via Ego's father's sister's (Aunt's) husband or Ego's mother's brother's (Uncle's) wife. The system also is useful in reaffirming alliances between related lineages or clans.
Usage
The term Iroquois comes from the Iroquoian Indians of northeastern North Ameria. However, multiple groups around the globe employ the "Iroquois" system and is fairly commonly found in unilineal descent groups. Until recently, the system was in use in rural Chinese societies.
See also
Sources
- William Haviland, Cultural Anthropology, Wadsworth Publishing, 2002. ISBN 053427479X
- The Nature of Kinship (http://anthro.palomar.edu/kinship/)