Hub and die error
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Hub and die errors are products of the coin minting process resulting from faults in the coin hub or coin die. There are many different kinds of such errors. The die manufacturing process which may give rise to them is described in detail at coin die.
Modern coins are still released with hub and die errors, because the defects are too small to be seen with the naked eye. A few exceptions exists, where the dies are used despite producing easily visible flaws. The 1955 Lincoln cent is an example.