Hammer and sickle

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Hammer_sickle_clean.png
The hammer and sickle as it appeared on the Soviet flag

The hammer and sickle is a symbol used to represent communism and communist political parties. It features a sickle superimposed on a hammer. The two tools are symbols of the industrial proletariat and the peasantry respectively; placing them together symbolises the unity between agricultural and industrial workers.

It is best known from having been incorporated into the red flags of the Soviet Union, along with the Red Star.

Contents

Soviet and Russian usage

Since 1917 the hammer and sickle (Russian: серп и молот, "serp i molot") was one of the symbols of the RSFSR. Initially it was rendered on the Coat of Arms of the RSFSR, the union of workers and peasants having been declared the base of the state, and on the symbolics of the Red Army (created in 1918).

Later it was featured on the flag of the Soviet Union, adopted in 1923 and finalized in the 1924 Soviet Constitution, and flags of the republics of the Soviet Union after 1924. Before this, the flags of Soviet republics tended to be a plain red field, defaced with the golden text of the name of the respective republic, as stipulated in Article 90 of the 1918 Soviet Constitution.

Other usage

Those Communist Parties affiliated to the Comintern and the Cominform (that is those who looked to Moscow) and also those who looked to Beijing for guiding leadership tended to employ the use of the hammer and sickle or similar designs in their symbology.

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Angola_flag_large.png
Flag of Angola as of 1975.

Symbols stylistically derived from the hammer and sickle appear on the flag of Angola, logo of the Communist Party of Britain, Communist Party of the USA, and on some renditions of Britain's Transport and General Workers Union logo.

Workers Party of Korea
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Workers Party of Korea

Further variations on the theme of crossed tools include the symbol of North Korea's Korean Workers' Party (hammer, pen and sickle), and the old symbol of the British Labour Party (spade, torch and hoe). In 1990, after Nelson Mandela was released from prison, he made a speech to the South African people from a balcony decked out with the hammer and sickle flag in Cape Town.

The Communist Party of Guadeloupe uses a letter "G" in the style of a hammer and sickle on its flag [1] (http://flagspot.net/flags/gp-pcg.html#1998).

Common Trotskyist usage is to reverse the symbol -- i.e., the handle of the sickle on the bottom right instead of the bottom left.

In Unicode, the "hammer and sickle" symbol is U+262D ().

See also

External links

Template:Spoken Wikipedia

eo:Martelo kaj falcxilo he:פטיש ומגל it:falce e martello pl:sierp i młot ru:Серп и молот sl:srp in kladivo

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