Family name affixes
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Family name affixes are a clue for family name etymology and determining ethnic origin of a person. This is a list of typical affixes.
Prefixes
- ap -- "son of", Welsh
- Da -- "from", Italian.
- De -- "the", Dutch; "of", French, Italian
- Degli -- "of the", Italian. Here the is a masculine plural object starting with either 'sp', 'sc', 'ps', 'z', 'gn' or 'st'.
- Della -- "of the", Italian. Here the is a feminine singular object.
- Di -- "of", Italian
- Du -- "of the", French Here, 'the' is a masculine object, as 'de la' would be feminine and 'de' would be plural.
- Fitz -- "Son of" (often meaning illegitimate son), Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic
- Nic- -- "Daughter of", Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic
- Mac- -- "Son of", Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic
- Mc- -- assumed to be an abbreviation of Mac, but often claimed to be particular to Irish Gaelic. Sometimes spelt with a superscript 'c'.
- O'- -- "Descendant of", Irish Gaelic
- ter -- "at the", Dutch
- Tre -- "farm of", Cornish
- van -- "of" Dutch
- von -- "of", German
Suffixes
(Sorted from right to left)
- -ić -- Serbian, Bosniak, Croatian (diminutive)
- -ič -- Slovene (diminutive)
- -nezhad, -nejad Persian "decendent of"
- -nd -- French
- -rd -- French
- -ne, -te -- /female/ Lithuanian
- -dze -- Georgian
- -eff, -off -- Russian (obsolete, copied from German transliterations of -ev, -ov)
- -ang -- Chinese, Korean
- -zadeh Persian "son of"
- -ikh, -ykh -- Russian
- -i, -ee, or -y -- Persian "decendent of", "attributed to"
- -čki -- Serbian, Croatian
- -ski -- Polish, Macedonian, Serbs (adjective) , Russian (often transliterated as -sky),
- -shvili -- Georgian
- -ak -- Polish, Ukrainian
- -ák -- Czech
- -ek -- Czech, Polish
- -ik -- Polish
- -chuk -- Ukrainian
- -yk -- Polish
- -ian, -yan -- Armenian, Persian
- -nen -- Finnish
- -sen -- Danish, Norwegian
- -ssen -- Norwegian
- -son -- English, Swedish
- -shyn -- Ukrainian
- -ko -- Ukrainian
- -tabar Persian "decendent of"
- -er -- French, German
- -pour, -poor Persian "son of"
- -s -- /male/ Latvian
- -s -- /male/ Lithuanian
- -as -- Greek
- -es -- Greek, Portuguese, Brazilian
- -is -- Greek
- -ems -- Flemish
- -ens -- Flemish
- -os -- Greek
- -opulos -- Greek
- -ers -- Flemish
- -nko -- Ukrainian
- -to -- Japanese
- -escu -- Romanian
- -ou -- Greek
- -ev -- Bulgarian, Serbian (posessive), all nationalities of Russia
- -ov -- Bulgarian, Russian (all nationalities of Russia), Serbian (posessive)
- -oğlu -- Azerbaijani, Turkish
- -sky -- Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian (often transliterated as -ski),
- -ný -- Czech
- -ez -- Spanish (including Spanish-speaking countries)