Ex parte Endo
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Handed down on December 18, 1944, the same day as the Korematsu v. United States decision, the United States Supreme Court ruled in Ex parte Endo that, regardless of whether the United States Government had the right to exclude people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast during World War II, they could not continue to detain a citizen whom the government itself conceded was loyal to the United States. This decision helped lead to the re-opening of the West Coast for resettlement by Japanese-American citizens following their internment in camps across the United States during World War II.
The plaintiff in the case was evacuated from Sacramento, California, in 1942, pursuant to Executive Order 9066 and was removed to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center located at Newell, Modoc County, California. In July, 1942, she filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of California, asking that she be discharged and restored to liberty. That petition was denied by the District Court in July, 1943, and an appeal was prefected to the Circuit Court of Appeals in August, 1943.
The court also found as part of this decision that if Congress is found to have ratified by appropriation any part of an executive agency program, the bill doing so must include a specific item referring to that portion of the program.
The unanimous opinion was written by William O. Douglas, with Frank Murphy and Owen Roberts concurring.
See also
External links
- Text of decision (http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=323&invol=283) (findlaw.com)