Electro-osmosis
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In physics, electro-osmosis is the motion of polar liquid through a membrane or other porous structure (generally, along charged surfaces of any shape and also through non-macroporous materials which have ionic sites and allow for water uptake, the latter sometimes reffered to as "chemical porosity" ) under the influence of an applied electric field.
In fuel cells, electro-osomosis causes electrons moving through a proton exchange membrane(PEM) to drag water molecules from one side (Anode) to the other (Cathode).
Electro-osmosis was first described by F.F. Reuss in 1809. It has growing applications in microfluidics.