Ecotage
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Ecotage is sabotage motivated by environmentalism, including the prevention of ecocide. It is a term that is sometimes used to counter the term "eco-terrorism" in an example of framing. Ecotage is also referred to as ecodefense or monkeywrenching.
The Earth Liberation Front claims that ecotage requires neither aggression nor any direct confrontation with police, politicians, or other authority, as the actions are carried out in secret and at times of day where the risk to life is nil. Though certain types of ecotage (e.g. tree spiking) can cause injury or death after the act has been committed.
Many environmentalists see non-destructive forms of civil disobedience, such as tree sitting, as more effective, particularly if the goal is to influence public opinion.
According to its detractors, the reverence for life professed by those who perform ecotage is not reflected in their disregard for property rights or willingness to risk the lives and safety of humans to make a political point.
Ecotage was popularized in 1975 by Edward Abbey's book The Monkey Wrench Gang. It has also been treated in novels by T. Coraghessan Boyle (A Friend of the Earth) and Carl Hiaasen (Tourist Season, Sick Puppy).
Ecotage! is also the title of a 1972 humor book by Sam Love, which is the likely origin of the word.
See also: radical environmentalist, ecology movement.